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Classification.

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Presentation on theme: "Classification."— Presentation transcript:

1 Classification

2 What is Classification?
the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms

3 Benefits of Classifying
Accurately & uniformly names organisms Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Sea”horse”??

4 What’s the problem here?

5 Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists

6 Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist
Classified organisms by their structure Father of taxonomy

7 Standardized Naming Binomial nomenclature still used today
Genus species Latin Italicized in print Capitalize Genus only Turdus migratorius American Robin

8 Binomial Nomenclature

9 Classification Groups
Taxon is a category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific

10 Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants.

11 Do Kentucky People Climbing Over Fences Get Scratched?

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13 Relationships between Taxa
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group of species Often showed as a branching “family tree” Cladistics: classfication based on common ancestry

14 Cladogram Diagram representing how organisms could be related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales

15 Dichotomous Keys A tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world Consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item. "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step.

16 Introduction to the classification of life

17 Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains
(1)Archaeabacteria and (2)Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) (3)Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

18 Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc.
Archaea old and live in harsh environments and may represent the first cells to have evolved. Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc.

19 Live in the intestines of animals
Eubacteria, some of which cause human diseases, are present in almost all habitats on earth. Live in the intestines of animals

20 Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms
Protista (amoeba, algae…) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals)

21 Protista Most are unicellular Very diverse!
Some are multicellular Very diverse! Some are autotrophic, some heterotrophic Sub-divided into “animal-like”, “plant-life”, and “fungus-like” groups SLIME MOLDS, ALGAE, PARAMECIUM/AMOEBAS

22 Fungi Multicellular, except yeast
Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it)

23 Plantae Multicellular Autotrophic
Absorb sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis Growth, with increases in size and number of cells, is part of development. Development involves many stages from conception until death.

24 Animalia Multicellular
Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) Feed on plants or animals

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