1. Lab I:Laboratory safety
Dry Lab

2. Learning outcomes The student should be able to
-Describe the classification of infective organisms by risk group
-List the biosafety levels
-List examples for each biosafety level
-list the biosafety cabinet types
-describe hand washing and scrub and apply
-list the universal(standart )precautions
- First Aid Procedures after accidental exposure to infectious material
-List the most important devices in the lab and describe their usage
-List the barriers we use
-List the engineering control devices
-Describe the purpose of informed consent and importance of it

3. OSHA: Occupational safety and health administration regulations3

4. Workplace Transmission Professions at risk of exposure:
contact with someone bleeding or responsible for the cleanup of blood and other infections materials.
physicians and nurses (health center), students working in labs
dealing with potentaially infectious materials
police officers,
athletic trainers,
maintenance workers
environmental services workers.
   

5. Infective organisms by risk group
WHO’s classification
To be able to be safe in the laboratory one should know the group of the microorganism with which he is dealing with.
4 groups
You will be dealing with first group

6. Biosafety level(BSL) 4 Biosafety levels Basic teaching purposes:
Good microbiological practices
When necessary barriers
Open bench
No Biosafety cabinets

7. Biosafety cabinets

8. Figure: 20-04
Caption:
A biological safety cabinet, shown with an ultraviolet (UV) radiation source (mercury vapor lamp), which is used for decontamination of the inside surfaces.

9. Hand Hygiene -Hand washing (plain soap and water, paper towel)
-Hand rubbing (alcohol, no water, no towel)
For infection control the most important and simplest way !!!!!!!!!!

10. All specimens should be labeled with biohazard insignia.
All healthcare workers should strictly follow certain rules in practice  
Blood and other body fluids from all patients should be considered infective.
All specimens of blood and body fluids should be in a well-constructed container with a secure lid to prevent leakage during transport.
All specimens should be labeled with biohazard insignia.

11. All healthcare workers should strictly follow these rules in practice
All persons processing blood and body fluid specimens (e.g., removing tops from vacuum tubes) should wear gloves. Facial barrier protection should be used if splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids can occur.
For routine procedures, such as histologic and pathologic studies, or microbiologic culturing, a biological safety cabinet is not necessary. However, biological safety cabinets (Class I or II) should be used whenever procedures are conducted that have a potential for aerosolization or droplets. These include activities such as blending, sonicating, and vigorous mixing.

12. All healthcare workers should strictly follow these rules in practice
Mechanical pipetting devices should be used for manipulating all liquids in the laboratory. Mouth pipetting must not be done.
To prevent injuries, needles and syringes should be used with caution. Needles must not be recapped, purposely bent, broken by hand, removed from a disposable syringe, or otherwise manipulated.
After they are used, all sharps are to be placed in a clearly labeled, puncture-resistant container for transport to disposal sites. Sharps boxes-containers should be placed as close to the work site as is practical. To prevent overfilling and resultant accidental skin punctures, sharps containers should be removed as soon as they are filled.

13. All healthcare workers should strictly follow these rules in practice
Laboratory work surfaces should be decontaminated with an appropriate chemical germicide after a spill of blood or other body fluids and when work activities are completed.
Disinfect all countertops with freshly diluted bleach (aqueous sodium hypochloride; fresh 1:10), or with another effective solution. The period of contact with the diluted bleach solution should be at least 15 minutes. For other commercial disinfectant products, follow manufacturer instructions.

14. All healthcare workers should strictly follow these rules in practice
Contaminated materials used in laboratory tests should be decontaminated before reprocessing, or placed in bags and disposed of in accordance with institutional policies for disposal of infective waste.
Scientific equipment that has been contaminated with blood or other body fluids should be decontaminated and cleaned before being repaired in the laboratory or transported to the manufacturer. Equipment that cannot be completely decontaminated must be labeled with the biohazard insignia.

15. All healthcare workers should strictly follow these rules in practice
Health care workers who have exudative lesions or weeping dermatitis should refrain from all direct patient care and from handling patient-care equipment until the condition is resolved.

16. Universal Precautions
Employee exposure to bloodborne pathogens from blood and Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM)
Bloodborne pathogens are pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans.
Some infections that can be transmitted through contact with blood and body fluids include:
HIV and Hepatitis B and C.

17. First Aid Procedures after Accidental Exposure to Infectious Material
Accidental sharps injury
What should you know?
A significant exposure risk is present in any accidental sharps injury, even if no blood is visible and the skin does not appear to be broken.
What should you do?
Flush the area well in clean running water and wash thoroughly with soap.
Cover with a dressing if necessary.
Report the incident to a supervisor or the physician-in-charge immediately.
Corrective action is required if a procedural cause of the accident is identified.

18. label with biohazard insignia

19. Decontamination of surfaces
Wear an apron, heavy-duty gloves, and other barrier protection if needed.
Wipe clean with an absorbent material.
Disinfect surface by wiping clean with the disinfectant given.
Then discard all absorbent material in heavy duty “hazardous waste” with a red bag.

20. Decontamination of blood or body fluid spills
Learn the location and how to use the equipment in case of an accidental spill.
Put an absorbent tissue with a disinfectant on the spillage or splash and left for at least 30 minutes.

21. Equipment to be used in case of contamination

22. Hands and other skin surfaces
must be washed immediately and thoroughly if contact with blood or other body fluids occurs.
Hands must be washed immediately after gloves are removed and after completing laboratory activities.
All personal protective equipment should be removed before leaving the laboratory.

23. EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN A. Purpose
The purpose of the Exposure Control Plan is to eliminate workplace exposure to contaminated blood and other infectious body fluids.
B. Definitions
1. Engineering Controls
are physical or mechanical systems provided to eliminate hazards at their source.
providing
handwashing facilities,
eye stations
sharps containers,
waste containers,
biohazard labels in designated locations.  
2. Work Practice Controls
Work practice controls are specific procedures to be followed to reduce exposure to bloodborne pathogens or infectious materials.

24. Informed Consent Form for The Rules and Regulations in Practice Laboratory:
Informed consent should be read and understood and signed y the student who will start microbiology laboratory to be aware of the rules in the laboratory to protect himself and his friends.
All materials and clothes other than those needed for the laboratory are to be kept away from the work area.
A lab coat or other protective clothing must be worn during lab. The lab clothing is not to be worn outside of the laboratory.
Clean the lab table before and after lab with the disinfectant solution provided.
Wash hands before leaving lab.
Any item contaminated with bacteria or body fluids must be disposed of properly. Disposable items are to be placed in the BIOHAZARD container. Reusable items are to be placed in the designated area for autoclaving prior to cleaning. Sharps are to be disposed of in the appropriate container
Reusable items should have all tape and marks removed by the student before being autoclaved.
Because organisms used in this class are potentially pathogenic, aseptic technique must be observed at all times. No eating, drinking, application of cosmetics or smoking is allowed. Mouth pipetting is not allowed.
Cuts and scratches must be covered with Band-Aids. Disposable gloves will be provided on request.
Long hair should be tied back while in lab.
All accidents, cuts, and any damaged glassware or equipment should be reported to the lab instructor immediately.
Sterilization techniques may involve the use of Bacticinerators that are fire and burn hazards.
If used micro-incinerators reach an internal temperature of 850 0C. Keep all combustibles away from the micro-incinerators. Do not leave inoculating loops or needles propped in the micro-incinerators. Use Bunsen burners carefully. Never bring flammable alcohol near them.
Microscopes and other instruments are to be cared for as directed by the instructor.
It is the responsibility of the student to know the location and use of all safety equipment in the lab (eyewash, fire extinguisher, etc.).
Cultures may not be removed from the lab. Visitors are not allowed in the lab.
Doors and windows are to be kept closed at all times.
For the best lab experience, read labs before coming to class. Make notes as necessary. Wait for a laboratory introduction by the instructor before starting work.
I have read and understand the above rules and agree to follow them.
Signed_____________________________________________ Date_________________
Name (Please print)________________________________________________________

25. The proof that you know the safety rules in the laboratory
Informed consent:
The proof that you know the safety rules in the laboratory
Barriers:
-gloves
-white coat
-mask
-eye-glasses
Autoclave: for sterilization by moist heat(120 ◦C)
Incubator: for cultivation microorganisms(37 ◦C)
Sharp disposable contaminated items: sharp boxes
Reusable items: in biohazard sign containing boxes to be autoclaved