1. Hybrid Automotive Prime Movers
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
A Couple of A Digesting & A Tractive Prime Movers.....

2. Concept of Hybrid Prime Movers
Basically, an Eco-friendly vehicle power train is required to
(1) develop sufficient power to meet the demands of vehicle performance,
(2) carry sufficient energy onboard to support vehicle driving in the given range,
(3) demonstrate high efficiency, and
(4) emit very few environmental pollutants.
A vehicle with more than one energy source and energy converter only can satisfy all of the above demands.

3. Options of Converter Couples
A hybrid vehicle is driven a couple of Prime Movers.
A hybrid vehicle with an electrical power train as one the couple is called an HEV.
A gasoline (or diesel) I.C. engine system –electric motor system.
Hydrogen fuel cell–electric motor system.
Chemical battery–electric motor system, etc.

4. Decomposition of Urban Drive Power

5. Conceptual Hybrid Scheme

6. Basic Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains
Regeneration
Regeneration

7. Advanced Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains
Regeneration

8. Advanced Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains
Regeneration

9. Most Efficient Hybrids : Feb. 2018
Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid MPG: 57/59; Base Price: $23,085.
Model Name
MPG
Base Price:
Toyota Prius
MPG: 58/53
$24,370
Toyota Camry Hybrid
MPG: 51/53
$28,695
Kia Niro
MPG: 52/49
$24,280
Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid
MPG: 49/43
$28,795
Toyota Prius c
MPG: 48/43
$21,525
Ford Fusion Hybrid
MPG: 43/41
$26,170
Kia Optima Hybrid
MPG: 39/46
$26,890
Ford C-Max
MPG: 42/38
$24,995.
Lincoln MKZ Hybrid
MPG: 41/38
$36,530
MPG – miles per gallon

10. Analysis of Series Hybrid Electric Drive Trains
Unidirectional
Energy source
Bidirectional
Energy source

11. Algorithms for Control Strategy

12. Algorithm for Acceleration Mode
Activate Charging of Battery
Monitor Battery Status
Electric motor drives the Car
Supply of necessary power demand
From Battery
High Torque demand from
The vehicle

13. Analysis of Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Trains

14. The mechanical coupling for Parallel Hybrid
The mechanical coupling in a PHEDT is classified as:
Torque coupling.
Speed coupling

15. Torque-Coupling Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Trains
The torque coupling adds the torques of the engine and the electric motor together or
Splits the engine torque into two parts: propelling and battery
charging.
If loss is ignored, the output torque and speed can be described by

16. Tractive Effort Curves with 3+3 Gears 1st Gear of Transmission 1
2nd Gear of Transmission 2
3rd Gear of Transmission 2

17. Tractive Effort Curves with 3+3 Gears 2nd Gear of Transmission 1
1st Gear of Transmission 2
2nd Gear of Transmission 2
3rd Gear of Transmission 2

18. Tractive Effort Curves with 3+3 Gears 3rd Gear of Transmission 1
1st Gear of Transmission 2
2nd Gear of Transmission 2
3rd Gear of Transmission 2

19. Tractive Effort Curves with 3+1 Gears

20. Two-shaft configuration of Torque-Coupling

21. Separated axle torque combination parallel hybrid electric drive train

22. Speed-Coupling Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Trains
The powers from two power plants may be coupled together by coupling their speeds.
The characteristics of a speed coupling can be described by

23. Hybrid electric drive train with speed coupling of planetary gear unit

24. Alternative torque and speed hybrid electric drive train with a planetary gear unit

25. Need for Better Hybrid Prime
Need for High power density is still an unsolved problem in HEVs.
Hybrid systems for heavy duty vehicles which are associated with high braking power.
More number of charging/discharging cycles.
Can withstand high rates of energy flow through the system during accelerations/decelerations.
Do not require batteries, many of the environmental concerns associated with battery manufacture and disposal are eliminated.
Have shorter payback time. The worst the conditions (frequent stops and go), the faster are the payback.
An electric hybrid can recover about 30 percent of the energy created during braking only.