1. 4-7: Congress and the Executive Branch

2. Big Idea: Constitutionalism
Enduring Understanding:
The republican ideal in the U.S. is manifested in the structure and operation of the legislative branch.
Learning Objectives:
Describe the different structures, powers, and functions of each house of Congress.
Explain how the structure, powers, and functions of both houses of Congress affect the policymaking process.

3. Legislative Oversight
Overview
Oversight refers to congressional review of the activities of an executive agency, department, or office.
Investigates corruption and waste
Holds hearings to discuss problems and solutions

4. Legislative Oversight
Overview
Carried out by committees
Increases public awareness about governmental problems
Senate confirmation of cabinet heads and judicial appointments

5. Legislative Oversight
Methods
Setting guidelines for agencies
Conducting investigations
Holding hearings
Using budget control
Reorganizing an agency
Evaluating an agency’s programs

6. Foreign Policy Constitutional Separation of Power Congress President
Declares war
Ratifies treaties
President
Commander-in-chief
Wages war
Negotiates treaties

7. Foreign Policy War Powers War Powers Act (1941)
Gave President Roosevelt authority to reorganize areas of government around the war cause
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)
Gave President Johnson a “blank check” to use military forces without a declaration of war

8. Foreign Policy War Powers War Powers Resolution (1973)
Response to presidential actions during the Vietnam War
Ensured greater congressional voice in military matters
President must notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops
President must bring troops home from hostilities within 60 to 90 days unless Congress extends the time
Serves as a legislative veto