1. the awesomeness continues…
Enzymes!!
the awesomeness continues…

2. Classifying Enzymes
There are 4 major categories of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids

3. Almost all enzymes are proteins.
However, there are a few catalytic RNA molecules.
proteins
Image: Levels of protein structure, M Ruiz

4. Naming Enzymes
For many enzymes, take the name of the substrate the enzyme works on and add the suffix -ase
Example: Lactose  Lactase

5. Enzymes are Catalysts Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
Enzymes allow reactions to happen that otherwise could not occur.
Enzymes are very specific!
Enzymes are catalysts to over 4000 biochemical reactions!

6. Activation Energy What is activation energy???
Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

7. Enzymes are Reusable
enzymes are reusable molecules found in living things.
as a result, they do not get used up in the reaction

8. Enzyme Form and Function
Lock & key Model: The shape of an enzyme allows it to do a specific job much like a lock and key.

9. Induced Fit Model An enzyme can form to the shape of its substrate.

10. Why are enzymes so important?
Nearly all chemical reactions in biological cells require enzymes to make the reaction occur
in a reasonable amount of time
at biological temperatures
at biological pH’s

11. Enzymes are used all over your body!

12. Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College and the
Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com

13. How do you stop an enzyme?
Change the shape of the enzyme through some form of external stress
Heat pH
Because shape is so important for an enzyme’s function, a change in shape makes the enzyme non- functional

14. Temperature and enzymes
Effects of high temperatures on all proteins

15. A short quiz!!! (yay!!)
OK…on the piece of paper provided, answer the questions based on our notes.