1. Collage and Assemblage

2. A brief history . . . Collage French word coller = glue.
It refers to an assemblage of mixed media used on a two dimensional
surface applied with glue. Materials may include: drawing pencils, paint, textiles, newspaper, scrap papers, photographs … even found objects.

3. **Art Historians consider collages’ birth coming out of Modernism in
200 BC China: Calligraphers integrated poetry/text + image
Medieval Europe: gold leafing integrated within iconic imagery in Gothic Cathedrals
In the 19th century, collaging became a “hobby,” a precursor for scrapbooking
**Art Historians consider collages’ birth coming out of Modernism in
the early 20th century**

4. 2-Dimensional Collages…

5. Modern Artists: Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
Compotier avec fruits, violon et verre
Fruitdish and Glass, 1912,
papier collé and charcoal on paper

6. Photomontage: Romare Bearden
Profile/Part I, The Twenties: Pittsburgh Memories, Farewell Eugene, 1978 collage of various papers with paint, ink, graphite, and bleached areas on fiberboard
Pittsburgh Memory 1964

7. Collage Paintings: Neo Rauch
Entfaltung Oil on canvas x inches, 300 x 250 cm
Pfad 2003

8. 3-Dimensional Collages…

9. READY MADE / Found OBJECT art
An artwork made from everyday objects or manufactured goods, which have been “appropriated” and used for an alternative purpose—art.
The ready-made opened the door for ASSEMBLAGE (3D Collage)
Materials: Anything goes! Shoelaces, tree branches, tables, taxidermy animals ….even toilets!
They are re-contextualized – absorbed in the fine art world: exhibited in a gallery or museum, seen in a new light.
Marcel Duchamp
Fountain
1917

10. Ready-Made / Assemblage Timeline
Picasso: non-traditional media,1900’s
Duchamp: Ready-Made/Found Object: 1917
Joseph Cornell: Cabinets 1940’s
First use of the word Assemblage: Jean Dubuffet’s butterflies, 1950’s
Louise Nevelson’s scrap wood, 1950’s – 80’s
Bicycle Wheel

11. Jean Dubuffet Butterfly 1953

12. Collage transforms into Assemblage:
2D into 3D:
Collage transforms into Assemblage:
even more mixed media…

13. Retroactive I, 1963 Robert Rauschenberg Canyon, 1959, Assemblage:
oil, housepaint, pencil, paper, fabric, metal, buttons, nails, cardboard, printed paper, photographs, wood, paint tubes, mirror string, pillow & bald eagle on canvas, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.

14. Robert Rauschenberg

15. Bed. 1955

16. Cabinets of Curiosity, Memory Boxes Joseph Cornell
(3-dimensional souvenir/keepsakes)
Joseph Cornell
The Hotel Eden
    Its chief emblem is a caged parrot, the innocent resident of the Hotel Eden. It can be noted that once more the image of a bird is represented in Cornell’s work. It may constitute an emblem of freedom (the obvious cliché), but it rather generates a sense of nostalgia in the viewer: indeed, the bird is secluded behind material frames, as if in a cage.     The piece of black thread going through the box across the different inner frames, (from the top part which seems to represent orbits, thus the outer space, to the bird’s beak, and down to the bottom of the box into emptiness) could be interpreted as a spatial link between the various universes depicted here (multiversity, not diversity), and materializes Cornell’s sense of interconnections in all living matters. Moreover, one can notice that the elements used in this box are endowed with strong temporal qualities: the two pieces of paper stuck at the bottom of the box are worn out and degraded ; they bear the imprint of the passage of time, and the title “Hotel Eden” alludes to a paradise lost, while the egg may symbolize birth and the renewal of life (although its perfect sphere does not identify it as an egg).
    This box with its idealised interconnections between time and space, its order, its neatness (compared to the kind of chaotic life it evokes) can convey a sense of security which contrasts with reality.
(These remarks can also apply to The Object which is shown further down)
Hotel Eden, 1945
Untitled (Paul & Virginia)

17. "When you put together things that other people have thrown out, you’re really bringing them to life – a spiritual life that surpasses the life for which they were originally created.”
Louise Nevelson
Louise Nevelson, Sky Cathedral, 1982

18. Vik Muniz
Vik Muniz, Narcissus, after Caravaggio, from "Pictures of Junk", 2006

19. Spiritual Assemblages: Hindu Shrines, Catholic Shrines, Bicycle Shrines

20. Jessica Stockholder
"Lights plug into the wall and call attention to the electrical wires that are in the wall. It’s static to look at these light bulbs. They don’t do anything. It’s a static, still image that the lights present. But it is an event because electricity moves, and the electricity is active in the wall. So, conceptually, I like it that the stillness of the work is disrupted." - Jessica Stockholder
Related Slideshows: Jessica Stockholder s
Wicker chair, plastic tub, light fixture with bulb, synthetic polymer, oil paint, plastic, fabric, concrete, resin, wood, wheels, acrylic yarn, glass and cookie in resin, 71 1/2 x 63 x 50 inches, 1995
Sept 9-Oct. 14, 2006

21. "Lights plug into the wall and call attention to the electrical wires that are in the wall. It’s static to look at these light bulbs. They don’t do anything. It’s a static, still image that the lights present. But it is an event because electricity moves, and the electricity is active in the wall. So, conceptually, I like it that the stillness of the work is disrupted." Jessica Stockholder
"Kissing the Wall #2“ 1988 Slide projector screen, newspaper, plaster, oil and acrylic paint, fluorescent tube with purple sleeve, wallpaper, 51 inches high

22. Jessica Stockholder— PBS interview on Art 21 series:
Vik Muniz TED talk: