1. Exploring the Indian Removal Act with Primary & Secondary Sources (10
Exploring the Indian Removal Act with Primary & Secondary Sources (10.4) Day 1
In this class, we explore, investigate, read and discuss like HISTORIAns!

2. Primary Sources v. Secondary Sources What’s the difference?
How do these sources provide us different viewpoints?
Why is it important for historians to see events/issues from multiple perspectives?

3. Warm Up: “To me, home is…..”
What feelings, thoughts, and images come to mind when you think of home?
How would you feel if you were suddenly forced to leave your home permanently?
What would be most upsetting about all that you would have to leave behind? Material items? Memories?

4. By the end of our investigation, we will be able to answer..
What is the Indian Removal Act and what role does Jackson play in it?
How does the expansion, conquest, and settlement of the West impact the removal of American Indians (Trail of Tears) from their native lands?

5. Examine the art: Observe & Infer
What do you see?
What first stands out to you in this painting?
What appears to be happening?
What evidence makes you think this?

11. INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
Background:
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

12. Inevitably, this movement led to clashes over land.
As the population grew, the colonists pushed farther west into the territories occupied by the American Indians.
Inevitably, this movement led to clashes over land.

13. President Jackson saw Indian removal as an opportunity to provide for the needs of the white farmers and businessmen. He also claimed that removal was also in the best interest of the Indians.

14. Indian Policy during Jackson’s term: Impact of western expansion
Many white settlers and land speculators simply desired the land that was occupied by the tribes and would do anything to get it.
Others believed that the presence of the tribes was a threat to peace and security, based on previous wars waged between the United States and Native Americans.

15. Wait and Write… What do we know so far
Wait and Write… What do we know so far? Based on the previous 3 slides, write 1 sentence that summarizes what we know about the motivation behind Indian removal policies.

16. Five Civilized Tribes-Were all natives considered “savages”?
In 1830, some of the "Five Civilized Tribes" — the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, and Cherokee — were still living east of the Mississippi.
They were called "civilized" because many tribesmen had adopted various aspects of European-American culture, including Christianity.
The Cherokees had a system of writing their own language, developed by Sequoyah, and published a newspaper in Cherokee and English. They had also formed a Constitution based on that of the US Constitution.

17. Preamble to the Cherokee Constitution…notice any similarities?
We the Representatives of the people of the Cherokee Nation, in Convention assembled in order to establish justice ensure tranquility, promote our common welfare, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of liberty, acknowledging with humility and gratitude the goodness of the sovereign ruler of the Universe affording us an opportunity so favorable to the design and imploring his aid and direction in its accomplishments do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Government of the Cherokee Nation….

18. Wait and Write… What do we know so far
Wait and Write… What do we know so far? Based on the previous 2 slides, write 1 sentence that summarizes what we know about the “civilized” tribes.

19. Throughout the late 1820s, legal conflict over ownership of Cherokee lands led the issue to the halls of the U.S. Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court and Chief Justice John Marshall ruled the Cherokee could keep their lands because of earlier federal treaties.

20. Furthermore, the court ruled the treaty was an agreement between two nations and couldn’t be overruled by Georgia.

21. What do you think President Jackson and the Georgia did next?

22. Georgia ignored the court’s ruling
Georgia ignored the court’s ruling. President Jackson refused to enforce the ruling. He remarked, “Well, John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it”.

23. Wait and Write… What do we know so far
Wait and Write… What do we know so far? Based on the previous 2 slides, write 1 sentence that summarizes what we know so far based on the previous few slides.

24. The Cherokees last stand….
The Removal Act provided for the government to negotiate removal treaties. Many of the treaties were misleading, and resulted in Natives being forced from their homes and deported to lands west of the Mississippi.
Following a winding trail of treaties, the Treaty of New Echota (secretly signed by a small group of Cherokees) provided Jackson the legal document he needed to remove them.
New Echota ceded all land possessed by the Cherokee Nation east of the Mississippi to the United States.

25. In 1838, the Georgia militia was ordered to force the Cherokee out of Georgia.
17,000 Cherokees were brutally rounded up and marched to Indian territory in Oklahoma.

26. Wait and Write… What do we know so far
Wait and Write… What do we know so far? Based on the previous 2 slides, write 1 sentence that summarizes what we know so far based on the previous few slides.

27. Let’s check out a video clip
Samuel’s memory:
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History of Us:
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28. Exploring (10.4) the Indian Removal Act with Primary & Secondary Sources Day 2
In this class, we explore, investigate, readand discuss like HISTORIAns!

29. Let’s begin…. What do you remember from yesterday?
What motivation does the U.S. government have to take the Natives land?
Were all natives “savages”?

30. Warm Up: Share with partner
3 Words
2 Thoughts
1 Question

31. Cold Case Investigation:
Step 1: 12 minute SILENT Reading of ALL sources
During each, record the SOURCE, TITLE/ROLE, DATE/TIME

32. Step 2: Divide up the sources amongst group members then complete MAIN POINTS only!!!
Step 3: Report out information to others; the other detectives must record your info
Step 4: Answer remaining questions on YOUR OWN!

33. Genocide
Defined as “the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation”
Was the forced removal of the Cherokee Nation considered ‘genocide’? It depends on who you talk to and their perspective.

34. Government v. Native viewpoint
Government view:
Treaties were signed
We paid and assisted with the journey.
We found you a new home.
Death was a result of the travel. It could have been avoided if they left when they should have.
Native View:
Treaties were misleading & signed under false premise
Not enough amenities to safely travel (blankets, food, wagons, etc.)
New location was not equal
If fewer of them made it, then fewer for the government to deal with.

35. Was the forced removal of the Cherokee Nation considered ‘genocide’?
In your opinion…..
Was the forced removal of the Cherokee Nation considered ‘genocide’?
Back up your claim with reasoning & evidence.

36. DBQ test next week is all about the Indian Removal Policy!
Why do I have to know this?

37. Other slides follow: