1. Progressivism Chapter 16 Section 1
I can identify the major muckrakers of the Progressive movement and explain how they changed society.

2. Morning Work August 17, 2016 WRITE QUESTIONS!
1st Period
Agenda
WRITE QUESTIONS!
What was the Interstate Commerce Act?
What was the National Grange?
Morning Work
Lecture: Progressivism
America the Story of Us (11 minutes)
America the Story of Us (5 minutes)
Primary source readings

3. Morning Work August 17, 2016 WRITE QUESTIONS!
2nd/4th Period
Agenda
WRITE QUESTIONS!
What was the Interstate Commerce Act?
What was the National Grange?
Morning Work
Lecture: Progressivism
America the Story of Us (11 minutes)
America the Story of Us (5 minutes)
16-1 quiz

4. Progressivism Progressivism
Wide-ranging reform movement targeting many social problems that industrialization created.
Progressives sought to improve living conditions for the urban poor.
Muckrakers and urban photographers were the first to expose many of the social ills.
Industrialization helped many but also created dangerous working environments and unhealthy living conditions for the urban poor.
Progressivism, a wide-ranging reform movement targeting these problems, began in the late 19th century. They questioned the power/practices of big business. Progressives called government to be honest
Journalists called muckrakers and urban photographers exposed people to the plight of the unfortunate in hopes of sparking reform.
Were called Muckrakers b/c they “raked up” or exposed the filth of society. Most of the muckrakers articles focused on business and political corruption.

5. Progressives Jacob Riis Ida Tarbell
Exposed the slums through magazines, photographs, and a best-selling book
How the Other Half Lives
Ida Tarbell
Exposed the corrupt Standard Oil Company and its owner, John D. Rockefeller
Jacob Riis was a Danish immigrant who faced New York poverty
Focusing on Rockefeller’s weary appearance, he called him "the oldest man in the world -- a living mummy," and accused him of being "money-mad" and "a hypocrite." "Our national life is on every side distinctly poorer, uglier, meaner, for the kind of influence he exercises," she concluded. Rockefeller was deeply hurt by this last attack from "that poisonous woman," as he called her, but he refused to engage in any public rebuttal of her allegations. "Not a word," he told his advisors. "Not a word about that misguided woman.“- Tarbell

6. Ida Tarbell

7. How the Other Half Lives

8. Plank for a Bed

9. Sleeping Room

14. Progressives Frank Norris Lincoln Steffens
Shame of the Cities (1904) exposed corrupt city governments
Frank Norris
Exposed railroad monopolies in a 1901 novel
But urban political corruption remained a particularly popular target, and in 1904 Steffens collected and published his writings on St. Louis, Minneapolis, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Chicago, and New York as The Shame of the Cities
Steffens visited Russia in 1919 and when he returned in 1921 made the famous comment, "I have seen the future and it works." Steffens enthusiasm for the Soviet form of government did not last and by the time he wrote his memoirs, Autobiography (1931), he was disillusioned with communism

15. Reforming society Growing cities couldn’t provide necessary services.
The Tenement Act of forced landlords to install lighting in public hallways and provide at least one toilet for every two families.
By 1920, more than half of all Americans lived in cities. As cities continued to grow, they were increasingly unable to provide the services needed: garbage collection, safe housing, and police and fire protection.
For the reformers, these conditions provided an opportunity. In NY City, for example, activists such as Lillian Wald worked vigorously to expand public health services for the poor. Progressives scored a victory in NY State with the passage of the Tenement Act of 1901.
These simple steps helped impoverished New Yorkers, and within 15 years the death rate in New York dropped dramatically.
Reformers in other states used New York law as a model for their own proposals.

16. Settlement House Movement
Great Britain founded first settlement house in 1884
Provided variety of services to people in need.
Hull House
Founded by Jane Addams in 1889
Gave women the opportunity to lead, organize, and work for others.
Social Gospel
Idea that religious faith should be expressed through good works and that churches had a moral duty to help solve society's problems.
With poverty a desperate problem, some American reformers turned to Great Britain for inspiration.
Founded the first settlement house in Volunteers provided a variety of services to people in need. Taught immigrants many skills they could use to help themselves get out of poverty. They offered English classes and job-training courses. Also provided social activities, such as clubs and sports.
They taught skills people could use to lift themselves from poverty. Workers in houses were middle-class, college-educated women.
Jane Addams founded Hull House, one of the first settlement houses in the U.S., and the movement spread quickly. The movement gave women the opportunity to lead, organize, and work for others. By 1910 there were more than 400 settlement houses in US cities.
Many workers in settlement houses held strong religious views. The Social Gospel was the idea that religious faith should be expressed through good works and that churches had a moral duty to help solve society’s problems.
Social Darwinists disagreed; they felt people were poor because of their own deficiencies. They viewed existence as a competitive struggle in which only the fittest would survive.

17. Hull House

18. Fighting for civil rights
NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Fight for the rights of African Americans
ADL: Anti-Defamation League
Formed by Sigmund Livingston in 1913
Fought anti-Semitism
Progressives fought prejudice in society by forming various reform groups.
In 1909 Ida Wells-Barnett, W.E.B. Dubois, Jane Addams, and other activists formed the multiracial National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
1913: Protested the official introduction of segregation in federal government
1915: Protested the D. W. Griffith film Birth of a Nation because of hostile African American stereotypes, which led to the film’s banning in eight states
ADL: Fought to stop negative stereotypes of Jews in media
The publisher of the New York Times was a member and helped stop negative references to Jews

19. Reforming the workplace
Florence Kelley
1904: helped organize the National Child Labor Committee
Wanted state legislatures to ban child labor.
By the late 19th century, labor unions fought for adult male workers but didn’t advocate enough for women and children.
Progressives took up the cause of working women and children.
In 1893, Florence Kelley helped push the Illinois legislature to prohibit child labor and to limit women’s working hours.
In 1904, Kelley helped organize the National Child Labor Committee, which wanted state legislatures to ban child labor.
By 1912, nearly 40 states passed child-labor laws, but states didn’t strictly enforce the laws and many children still worked.
Progressives, mounting state campaigns to limit workdays for women, were successful in states including Oregon and Utah.
But since most workers were still underpaid and living in poverty, an alliance of labor unions and progressives fought for a minimum wage, which Congress didn’t adopt until 1938.

20. Labor law in Supreme Court
Lochner v. New York
1905: The Court refused to uphold a law limiting bakers to a 10-hour workday.
Muller v. Oregon
Court upheld a state law establishing a 10-hour workday for women in laundries and factories.
Bunting v. Oregon
Court upheld the protection on a 10 hour workday to men working in mills and factories.
Businesses fought labor laws in the Supreme Court, which ruled on several cases in the early 1900s concerning workday length.
The Court said it denied workers the right to make contracts with their employers.
his was a blow to progressives, as the Court sided with business owners.
Muller v. Oregon:
Louis D. Brandeis was the attorney for the state of Oregon and a future Supreme Court Justice.
He argued that evidence proved long hours harmed women’s health.
Brandeis’ case, or the Brandeis brief, as his defense was called, became a model for similar cases.

21. The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
500 women worked for the Triangle Shirtwaist Company
A fire broke out on the 8th floor which quickly spread.
More than 140 women and men died in the fire.
In 1911, a gruesome disaster in New York inspired progressives to fight for safety in the workplace.
About 500 women worked for the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, a high-rise building sweatshop that made women’s blouses.
Just as they were ending their six-day workweek, a small fire broke out, which quickly spread to three floors.
Escape was nearly impossible, as doors were locked to prevent theft, the flimsy fire escape broke under pressure, and the fire was too high for fire truck ladders to reach. Many ppl jumped out of the windows to escape.
More than 140 women and men died in the fire, marking a turning point for labor and reform movements.
With the efforts of Union organizer Rose Schneiderman and others, New York State passed the toughest fire-safety laws in the nation, as well as factory inspection and sanitation laws.
New York laws became a model for workplace safety nationwide.

22. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

23. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

24. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

25. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

26. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

27. The Unions
ILGWU
International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union founded in 1909.
Organized unskilled workers.
In 1909 called a general strike known as the Uprising of 20,000.
Won a shorter workweek and higher wages.
IWW
Industrial Workers of the World (1905)
Formed to oppose capitalism, organizing unskilled workers.
In 1909, the ILGWU called a general strike known as the Uprising of 20,000.
Strikers won a shorter workweek and higher wages and attracted thousands of workers to the union.
In 1905, the Industrial Workers of the World formed to oppose capitalism, organizing unskilled workers that the American Federation of Labor ignored.
Under William “Big Bill” Haywood, the IWW, known as Wobblies, used traditional tactics like strikes and boycotts but also engaged in radical tactics like industrial sabotage.
By 1912, the IWW led 23,000 textile workers to strike in Massachusetts to protest pay cuts, which ended successfully after six weeks.
However, several IWW strikes were failures, and, fearing the IWW’s revolutionary goals, the government cracked down on the organization, causing dispute among its leaders and leading to its decline a few years later

28. Reforming Government State government
Robert La Follette created the Wisconsin Idea
Wisconsin Idea- the application of academic scholarship and theory to the needs of the people.
Direct primary
Railroad commission designed to regulate freight charges
Reforming government meant winning control of it:
Tom Johnson of Cleveland was a successful reform mayor who set new rules for police, released debtors from prison, and supported a fairer tax system.
Progressives promoted new government structures:
Texas set up a five-member committee to govern Galveston after a hurricane, and by 1918, 500 cities adopted this plan.
The city manager model had a professional administrator, not a politician, manage the government.
Progressive governor Robert La Follette created the Wisconsin Ideas, which wanted:
Direct primary elections; limited campaign spending
Commissions to regulate railroads and oversee transportation, civil service, and taxation
Other governors pushed for reform, but some were corrupt:
New York’s Charles Evan Hughes regulated insurance companies.
Mississippi’s James Vardaman exploited prejudice to gain power.

29. Election Reforms Backed the 17th Amendment
Gave voters the power to elect their U.S. senators
Some measures Progressives fought for included:
Secret ballot
People vote privately without fear
Initiative
Allows voters to put a proposed law on ballot for public approval
Referendum
Allows citizens to place a recently passed law on the ballot
Recall
Allows voters to remove an elected official from office
Wanted to reform elections to make then fairer and to make politicians more accountable to voters.
Proposed a direct primary, or an election in which voters choose candidates to run in a general election, which most states adopted.
Backed the Seventeenth Amendment, which gave voters, not state legislatures, the power to elect their U.S. senators.
Believed that direct elections would undermine the influence of party bosses.

30. Morning Work August 26, 2013 WRITE QUESTIONS!
What is the difference between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois?
What were Jim Crow laws?
Morning Work
Lecture: Progressivism
America the Story of Us (11 minutes)
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire handout
America the Story of Us (5 minutes)
16-1 quiz

31. Morning Work February 6, 2014
Why was the Triangle Shirtwaist fire so important?
What is progressivism?
Morning Work
Lecture: Progressives
16-1 Quiz
Lecture: Women in Public Life
America the Story of Us
TN Perfect 36 handout

32. Morning Work February 1, 2010 Turn to page 522
Complete Vocabulary Journal
Turn in once finished
16-1 Vocabulary Journal
16-1 Anticipation Guide
Lecture: Progressives
Video: Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Exit Slip

33. Morning Work February 2, 2010 Write questions What is Progressivism?
What was the Tenement Act of 1901?
Morning Work
Lecture: Progressives
16-1 Quiz
16-2 Organizer
Lecture: Women in Public Life
Hot Seat

34. Exit Slip WRITE QUESTIONS What was Progressivism?
What part of society did Jacob Riis attack?
Who wrote the book Shame of the Cities?
What was the Tenement Act of 1901?
What changes did Florence Kelley want for America?
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