1. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
1 = Slavery
By 1860, there were 4 million African-American slaves in the South
2 = Cotton Gin (1793) by Eli Whitney
3 = Second Great Awakening and Rise of Abolitionism in North (1830’s)
“Circuit Riders” …
Appeal to reform society …

2. Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening and Rise of Abolitionism in North (1830’s)
Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison
(1831 – 1865)
** Changes Abolition Movement …
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
Handout Questions:
** (1) Why did the Second Great Awakening lead to a rise in Abolition sentiment in the North?
** (2) Why did Slaveholders not consider themselves egregious sinners?

3. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
4 = “Slave Power” Influence and Change in “Southern Consciousness”
Only 1/3 of Southerners
owned slaves
Thomas Jefferson,
John C. Calhoun,

4. Attempts to “Deal” With Slavery
1800 – Gabriel’s Rebellion …
1816 – American Colonization Society …
Received $100,000 from Congress
1820 – Virginia’s “Haiti Plan” …

5. Nations and Empires that ended slavery through “Compensated Emancipation”
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
British Empire
India, East Africa, etc.
Chile
Columbia
Danish Colonies
Netherlands
Ecuador
French Empire
West Africa
Mexico and Central America
Paraguay
Peru
Spanish Empire
Sweden
Uruguay
Venezuela
United States  (Washington D.C.  only)

6. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
4 = “Slave Power” Influence
Only 1/3 of Southerners
owned slaves
Thomas Jefferson,
John C. Calhoun,

7. Confederate Flag

8. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
5 = Ambiguities of U.S. Constitution (1787)
Kept Slavery intact
Perpetual Union?
6 = “Tradition of State Sovereignty” and States’ Rights
Nullification & Secession
7 = Westward Expansion and “Manifest Destiny”
Failed compromises between Northern and Southern states
8 = Economic differences, North and South
Agrarian South vs. Industrial North
Growth of “wage labor” in North

9. Causes of U.S. Civil War – Immediate Events
Fugitive Slave Act, 1850 (Part of Compromise of 1850)
Dred Scott Case, 1857
John Brown’s Raid, 1859
Election of Abraham Lincoln, 1860
South Carolina Secedes, Dec. 20, 1860
** President Lincoln decides to reinforce Fort Sumter, S.C., April 12, 1861