1. AIM: Human Reproductive System
Lesson 28
Do Know: Why do you think the ability for an organism to reproduce is important?
AIM: Human Reproductive System

2. What is the Function of the Reproductive System?
The purpose of the reproductive system is for an organism to have the ability to make more organisms.
Although the reproduction is a life function and is necessary to be classified as a living thing; an individual organism does not need to reproduce in order to live.

3. Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
There are 2 ways organisms can reproduce:
Asexual Reproduction – involves only 1 parent.
It’s fast
Offspring looks exactly like parent
Sexual Reproduction – involves 2 parents.
Need to find mate (slow)
Offspring looks little like both parents but not identical

4. Reproduction in Humans
Reproduction in humans has 2 major purposes:
To make more humans
To make humans with variety (differences)

5. The Female Reproductive Organs
The function of the female reproductive system is to:
produce and develop an egg (ova- the female gamete). It contains her genetic information-DNA.
to protect and nourish the developing embryo in the uterus.

6. The Female Reproductive Organs
The fallopian tubes (oviduct) –site of fertilization, carries egg to uterus.
The uterus – a muscular organ where a fertilized egg (ovum) implants and grows.
The ovary (two of them)- organ that produces sex cell ova (egg) and sex hormone (estrogen).
The Cervix- a channel which connects the reproductive system to the outside.
The birth cannel- a channel sperm is deposited and where the baby comes out.

7. The Male Reproductive Organs
The function of the male reproductive system is to:
Produce sperm (the male gamete)
Transfer the sperm (which contains his genetic information-DNA) into the females vagina during sexual intercourse.

8. The Male Reproductive Organs
The Bladder – the organ that store and transfers urine outside of the body
Sperm Duct – Transport sperm from the testes to the penis
Seminal vesicle & Prostate- produces a fluid call seaman so the sperm can swim inside the female
The testes – produces sperm and the sex hormone (testosterone).
The Penis – the organ that transfer sperm to the outside of the body

9. Other ways you might see reproductive organs.
Female – side view
Male – side view

10. Hormones and the Reproductive System
Human reproduction and development are influenced by factors such as
gene expression (characteristics from parents)
Hormones (puberty)
the environment (food and exercise)
The reproductive cycles in both males and female is regulated by hormones:
Testosterone is a male hormone found in the testes
estrogen and progesterone are female hormones found in the ovaries

11. The Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is an event that takes place in the female reproductive system roughly every 28 days.
Starting during puberty, the female body prepares itself for a possible pregnancy during every cycle.
If no pregnancy occurs during the cycle, the body will unprepares itself and waits till the next cycle to occur.

12. The menstrual cycle has four stages
Stage 1 – Day 1 is when the bleeding starts. The uterus lining breaks down over about four days.
Uterus lining breaks down
Day 0
Day 4

13. Uterus lining Builds up
Stage 2 – The lining of the uterus begins to thicken. From day 4 to day 14, a thick spongy layer of blood vessels appears and is ready to receive a fertilized egg.
Uterus lining Builds up
Day 0
Day 4
Day 14

14. The ovary ruptures and an egg is released
Stage 3 – The egg is developed and then released from the ovary at about day 14.
The ovary ruptures and an egg is released
Day 0
Day 4
Day 14

15. Stage 4 – The lining is then maintained for another 14 days, until day 28. If no fertilized egg embeds in the lining by the 28th day, the lining will breakdown and the cycle will begin again.
The Uterus lining is maintained
If no implantation , the cycles begins again
Day 0
Day 4
Day 14

16. Estrogen And Progesterone
These two hormones are produced in the ovaries and they control the main events of the cycle.
Estrogen :
Cause the lining of the uterus to thicken and grow.
It stimulates the release of an egg at day 14.
Progesterone:
Maintains the lining of the uterus. (important during pregnancy)
*When level of progesterone falls, the lining breaks down.

18. What is FSH?
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) is a hormone that stimulates egg production in the ovaries.
FSH can be used to increase fertility.
The “pill,” because of its high levels of estrogen, interferes with the production of FSH, which stops the egg production.