1. The Reproductive System
Chapter 19 Notes

2. What are the parts of the Female Reproductive System?
Females: All reproductive organs are
located on the inside of the body
-The main job of the reproductive system is to produce offspring.

3. Female Reproductive Organs
Ovaries: The 2 main organs that are shaped like eggs and located on
each side of the female’s body.

4. Female Reproductive Organs
-Ovaries produce eggs for reproductions
and the hormones of progesterone
(helps prepare for pregnancy) and
estrogen (helps regulate the menstrual cycle).

5. The Pathways of Eggs The oviduct or fallopian tube is a tube
located near each ovary. Each month, eggs are released by the ovaries and travel through the oviduct to the uterus.

6. The Pathways of Eggs
-The uterus is a hollow organ with thick, muscular walls. If the egg is fertilized by a sperm, the embryo will develop in the uterus.

7. The Pathways of Eggs
-The narrow bottom of the uterus is called the cervix. The cervix connects the vagina (birth canal) to the uterus.

8. The Pathways of Eggs
-When a baby is developed, it will leave the uterus, pass through the birth canal and be born.
-Female genitalia have 2 external openings. 1 is the urethra (carries urine) and the 2nd one is the vagina used for reproduction.

9. Menstrual Cycle -When a female is born, her ovaries contain all
the eggs (ovum) she will every have (400,000).
-Between puberty and menopause only 450 eggs will mature.
-Puberty usually begins between the ages of This marks the beginning of the monthly menstrual cycle or period.

10. Menstrual Symptoms -Painful cramps -Bloating -Mood swings -Headaches
-Backaches
-Increased food cravings

11. Ovulation -The menstrual cycle occurs every 28 to 32 days.
-It starts due to the release of hormones. One hormone causes an egg to mature, another hormone thickens the walls of the uterus and increases the blood supply, and another hormone causes ovulation which is the release of a mature egg from an ovary.

12. Ovulation
-If an egg is not fertilized by a sperm while traveling in the oviduct, the hormones will decrease. This causes the thickened walls of the uterus to break apart.
-About 14 days after ovulation, menstruation will occur. This is the process of the blood and tissue from the uterus breaking apart and leaving the body.

14. Ovulation
-This process continues each month until an egg is fertilized by a sperm.
-Most females have a menstrual cycle until they are in their 50s. Menopause is when stop having a menstrual cycle.

15. Male Reproductive System
- The testes are the male reproductive system that produces hormones and sperm.
- Testes are egg shaped and located on the outside of the male’s body in a pocket of skin called the scrotum.

16. Male Reproductive System
The testes produce the hormone, testosterone, (causes a deeper voice and hair growth).
They also produce sperm which are stored in an epididymis (a coiled tube).
Males continue to make sperm the rest of their life.

18. Male Reproductive System
-Male genitalia has 1 external opening which is the urethra. It has 2 functions.
1st function: passage for urine
2nd function: passage for sperm