1. Kingdom Animalia

2. Characteristics
All animals are multicelled eukaryotes and most have tissues, organs, and organ systems. They have no cell walls.
Animals are aerobic heterotrophs that ingest other organisms or withdraw nutrients from them.
Animals reproduce sexually; many also reproduce asexually. Their embryos usually develop through a series of stages.
Most animals are motile; they actively move about during all or part of the life cycle.

3. Major Animal Groups Phylum Porifera - sponges
Phylum Cnidaria – hydras, jellyfish
Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) – flukes, tapeworms
Phylum Nematoda (roundworms) – pinworms, hookworm
Phylum Annelida (segmented worms) – leeches, earthworms
Phylum Arthropoda – crustaceans, spiders, insects
Phylum Mollusca – snails, slugs, clams, squids, octopi
Phylum Echinoderms – starfish, sea urchins
Phylum Chodata
Invertebrate chordates – tunicates, lancelets
Vertebrate chordates – fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

4. Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria
Sponges
Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge
Hydras and jellyfish
Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals

5. Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Nematoda
Flatworms
Examples: flukes, tapeworms, planaria
Roundworms
Examples: hookworm, pinworms

6. Phylum Annelida Phylum Arthropoda
Examples: crustaceans, spiders, insects, scorpions
(segmented worms)
Examples: Earthworms, bristleworms, leeches

7. Phylum Mollusca Phylum Echinodermata
Examples: snails, slugs, clams, squids, octopi
Starfish, sea urchins

8. Phylum Chordata Invertebrate chordates – tunicates, lancelets
Vertebrate chordates – fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

9. Body Plans SYMMETRY- arrangement of body parts around a central plane
Asymmetry – body can’t be divided into similar sections
Radial Symmetry – similar body parts are arranged around a center
Bilateral Symmetry – animals can be divided into equal halves along a single plane; exhibit cephalization

10. Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?

11. Animal Behavior
Behavior – anything an organism does in response to a stimulus in its environment. Behaviors develop through interactions between genes and environmental inputs.
Behavior is ADAPTIVE – adapting allows animals to survive!!!

12. Types of Animal Behavior
1. Innate Behavior – inherited behaviors (You are pre-wired to recognize stimuli before being born!)
Reflexes
Instincts
territoriality
aggression
submission
courtship
behavioral cycles
Types of behavioral cycles:
-circadian rhythm – occur in daily patterns
-migration – periodic movement from one place to another
-hibernation – dormancy during winter
-estivation –dormancy during summer

13. Types of Animal Behavior
2. Learned Behavior – these behaviors are acquired or learned over time. Organisms can alter their behaviors as a result of experience.
Habituation – organism decreases or stops its response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards nor harms the animal
Imprinting – For example, sparrows have an innate ability to recognize their own species’ song. To sing the complete version, the young birds must first hear it sung by the adults.

14. Adaptations for DEFENSE
Mechanical defense occurs when an animal uses its physical structures such as claws, tusks, stingers and shells. Other examples of mechanical defense include camouflage, cryptic coloration, disruptive coloration, counter shading, etc…
Chemical defense occurs when the animal produces stinging sensations, paralysis, poisoning, or just a bad taste