2. Structure Kingspan Metro Building System

3. Overview Scope of the Metro system General scope of Metro framing
Load-bearing capability
Floor types and spans
Roof integration
Foundation options

4. General scope of Metro Building System
Up to 30m [effectively 8-10 storey]
Concrete or Steel cassette floors
Range of off-site roof solutions
Suitable:
residential
student accommodation
health & education
Concrete Compartment Floors
Steel / Timber Hybrid

5. General scope of Metro Building System
Buildings up to 30m in height [Max 3.5m storey height]
10 storeys using steel cassette floors
8 storeys using concrete composite floors
Most efficient solutions where load-bearing walls align vertically in a regular repetitive building
Hybrid options with integrated hot-rolled steel components provide differentiation of floor plate layouts and longer spans/voids.
Transfer deck solutions [podiums] facilitate radical floor plate span changes e.g. for ground floor retail space / undercroft car parks
Q: Why limit to 30m tall buildings?
A: Arbitrary value.
Q: What are implications of 18m fire regulation?
A: Any system with materials of limited combustability above 18m must conform to BS :2005 and BR Testing not yet done.
Q: Why can a steel cassette building go to 10 storeys, but a concrete composite only 8?
A: KBS studs can take a maximum capacity of 300kN/m ultimate load, concrete floors typically put a bigger load down the studs than steel floors.

6. Components of Metro Building System
The system includes:
Ringbeam levelling interface to foundation
Loadbearing structural wall frame units
Floor and ceiling cassettes or concrete floors
Compartment walls
Internal non-loadbearing partition walls
Roof structure and truss systems
Components for integration of staircases, lift shafts shafts, balconies, brise soleil etc
Components for integration of staircases, lift shafts, balconies, brise soleil etc
Openings, penetrations for windows, doors, louvres, etc
Building Services integration and routing
External facades and roof envelope solutions
Hot-rolled sections to accommodate: high point loads, over large openings and balcony and brise -soleil supports
Concrete Compartment Floors
Steel / Timber Hybrid

7. Scope: Limitations on Metro system
Predominately open plan wide grid structures e.g. offices
[better constructed in hot rolled frame with cold rolled infill]
Large and / or irregular clear span areas with high imposed loads e.g. Retail / Conference / Car Park floor plans
Vertical support of masonry cladding – localised areas can be supported e.g. Gables in stepped terraces
Discontinuous load paths require hybrid solution
Cantilevered structures - modest balcony structures can be supported often in combination with tie rods or posts
Significant relocation or demolition of load-bearing walls once complete without retro-fit steel support structures – knock-out panels for future Lifetime Homes provision [lift/hoist etc] can be easily detailed in
Q: Can KBS accommodate curved walls?
A: No, it may be possible to facet frames around a curve but we would need to develop a connection that transfered horizontal loads.
Q: Can KBS frames support brick/stone cladding.
A: System can laterally support cladding (wind loads) but cannot support dead load of cladding. Same as AFS in this respect.
Q: Why not timber floors?
A: We roll steel.
Q: Balconies?
A: Balconies can be included as a separate element fixed to the facade wall.

8. Kingspan Metro Building System Typical Examples
Felstead Street, London
Glassford Street, Glasgow
Glassford Street, Glasgow
Falkirk Block, Newcastle

9. Load-bearing capability
Wide range of stud sizes allows optimisation of steel usage
V-bracket riveted centrally in load-bearing studs and bolted for positive mechanical connection self-clamping to allow automation
4mm gauge 100mm wide Jumbo studs for tall structures/wide fenestration
Over-bent track to ensure full bearing is achieved between stud and track
= High load capability allows tall structures and longer spans
= Negligible vertical settlement in building lifespan
= Full compliance with disproportionate collapse requirements
Q: What does full bearing mean?
A: Stud is in contact with track, load is transferred directly between stud and track and hence from frame to frame rather than through fixings.
Q: Why not just screw/rivet through the sides?
A: To reach 10 storeys we needed to make full use of the load capacity of the studs. This requires a loadbearing connection. To rivet the sides we would first need to clamp the track to the stud. The bolted connection reduces the number of operations needed to build a frame.
Q: Doesn’t the track size cause problems with board cracking?
A: No, we’ve tested it and as long as the first fixing is away from the track edge cracking doesn’t occur.
Q: Doesn’t the oversized track result in a curved internal face?
A: Yes, but you need to look closely to notice it and quite often this area will be hidden by the ceiling and floor construction.
Q: What advantages does our connection have over Metsec’s?
A: Metsec use countersunk bolts to connect the stud and track. Our connection has a couple of advantages:
1. It isn’t an interference fit, meaning it’s easier to assemble.
2. Full bearing means the load capacity is limited by the stud section, not the shear capacity of the joint.
Q: Cost?
A: Components ~50p. Assembly ? But faster than riveting.

10. Load-bearing capability
All projects fully modelled in parametric software including ALL hot-rolled elements for full integration and peace of mind
Q: What does full bearing mean?
A: Stud is in contact with track, load is transferred directly between stud and track and hence from frame to frame rather than through fixings.
Q: Why not just screw/rivet through the sides?
A: To reach 10 storeys we needed to make full use of the load capacity of the studs. This requires a loadbearing connection. To rivet the sides we would first need to clamp the track to the stud. The bolted connection reduces the number of operations needed to build a frame.
Q: Doesn’t the track size cause problems with board cracking?
A: No, we’ve tested it and as long as the first fixing is away from the track edge cracking doesn’t occur.
Q: Doesn’t the oversized track result in a curved internal face?
A: Yes, but you need to look closely to notice it and quite often this area will be hidden by the ceiling and floor construction.
Q: What advantages does our connection have over Metsec’s?
A: Metsec use countersunk bolts to connect the stud and track. Our connection has a couple of advantages:
1. It isn’t an interference fit, meaning it’s easier to assemble.
2. Full bearing means the load capacity is limited by the stud section, not the shear capacity of the joint.
Q: Cost?
A: Components ~50p. Assembly ? But faster than riveting.

11. Floor types and spans
Site installed concrete composite Multideck floors:
Asymmetric channel factory fitted to wall frames
Asymmetric channel supports Multideck floor
Floor spans generally most efficient up to 6m
New Kingspan Multideck 146 allows long span floors up to 6.45m with 215mm deep floors
Allows open plan apartment solutions with up to 9.15m spans for 305mm deep floors
Q: Can we reduce the number of bolts used?
A: 2 No per stud is a guide, actual quantity will be by design.
Q: Can the asymmetric channel be factory fitted?
A: Not as standard but can be.

12. External Wall / Concrete Floor Junction

14. Floor types and spans
Factory assembled steel cassettes with ledger angles:
Ledger angles on cassette edges provide temporary support and level guide on site
Cassettes bolted to sides of stud walls
Spans up to 8m for 300mm joists
Spans up to 6.5m for 200mm deep joists
Safedek / Caberdek factory fitted
Q: Can we reduce number of bolts needed?
A: 2 No per stud is a guide only, actual number is by design.
Q: Are cassettes boarded in factory?
A: Typically single layer of 22mm floorboard is factory fitted.

16. Floor connection details
Concrete Floor Slab across Separating Wall
Steel Cassette Floor across Separating Wall

17. Roof integration Four main options: Timber trusses
Steel purlin / cassette [room in roof option]
Lattice trusses for barrel vaults etc.
Kingspan Topdek Offsite solution for early weather protection
Green and Brown roofs can be accommodated
Roof coverings accommodated:
Top-dek / Single Ply membrane
Standing Seam
Traditional tile slate / concrete / clay
Sloping roof cassettes in Metro system eliminate cost of tapered insulation on shallow pitch roofs

18. Foundation Options
Metro compatible with range of foundation solutions:
Podium deck
Raft
Strip foundations
Screw piles and Vibro-ground improvement
Certified foundation details have been thermally modelled to assess thermal bridging and condensation build up

20. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR
Design Process
1 Week
2 Weeks
1-2 Weeks
Site Erection
2-3 Weeks
Estimating
Detailed Design
Fabrication Drawing (first floor phase0
Material / Cutting List
CAM Files
Design Appraisal
Detailed Quotation
Enquiry
Feasibility study
Client Approval
Order
Feed back to client
Requests for information
Service integration
Thermal Performance
Fire & Acoustics
Structural Appraisal
Line & Point Loads
Foundation Loading
Structural Design
Design Development
Manufacture
Panels
Components
Project Planning
Assembly
Design Freeze
8-11 Weeks
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR
= Early involvement

21. Site installation