1. Professor Kimberly Boyd Brenau Trustee Library
APA Work SHOP

2. Video: http://libguides.brenau.edu/apa
General Formatting
Times New Roman
12 point font
Black text – No embellishment
One inch margins
Double spaced
Pages are numbered
Paragraphs are indented using the tab key
Video:
Link to guide to demo the APA and MS Word video. Not necessary to show the whole thing.

3. Language and wording No flowery language
Do not write out the titles of articles, books, etc. in the body of your paper
Do not address the reader
Do not write in first person
Avoid direct quotes
Avoid bias – Be a detached observer

4. Writing Style Paragraph Structure:
Begin paragraphs with a claim (a general statement about the content of the paragraph)
Follow claims with evidence (the literature!)
End paragraphs with a “so what” statement

5. EVIDENCE with CITATIONS
Example
EVIDENCE with CITATIONS
CLAIM
The emission of greenhouse gases attributed to burning fossil fuels, as well as rapid deforestation, has caused a shift in the earth’s natural climate patterns. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2016) in the last 46 years burning fossil fuels has been the leading cause of greenhouse gas emissions globally, attributing to 78% of total emissions, with deforestation being the second largest. These released gases trap heat in the atmosphere, which eventually leads to the current warmer climate (EPA, 2016). This elevated temperature has the ability to negatively impact agriculture, water supply, animal habitats, etc. needed to maintain a healthy atmosphere and a viable future for the earth’s population
SO WHAT

6. WHAT IS PLAGIARISM? Why cite the evidence? A better question would be:
Plagiarism occurs when writers “present the work of another as if it were their own work” (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 170).
WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?

7. WHAT to cite
Words or ideas from a magazine, book, newspaper, scholarly journal article, website, etc.
Information from interviews or discussions with another person, whether face-to-face, over the phone, or in writing
Exact words or unique phrases
Reprints of any diagrams, illustrations, charts, pictures, or other visual materials

8. WHAT not to cite
Your own analysis, observations and insights, thoughts, and conclusions about a subject
“Common knowledge"
Things like folklore
common sense observations
Myths
historical events (but not historical documents)

9. Paraphrase the evidence
We paraphrase when we have a list of items we need to include in our paper. We put the information into our own words and include the main points as well as the details.
Paraphrases
Restate all of the idea or information from a passage in your own words.
Must be attributed to the original source.
Will be about the same length as the original source.

10. Citations Have Two Parts
1. An in-text citation
Tells the reader the source of the information
Directs the reader to the entry on the References page to find the details
2. A reference entry on the References page
Contains all the information necessary for the reader to locate and examine the original source
Occurs at the end of a paper
THE TWO PARTS MATCH
The 2 parts match in 2 ways:
in-text to the first 2 elements of the reference entry
each citation has a reference entry and each reference entry has a citation

11. In-text citations (Two Authors)
Beginning of the sentence:
Knowles and Swanson (2012) argued that music improves health outcomes in intensive care unit patients.
End of the sentence:
Music can aid in the relief of stress of both patients and workers in the healthcare setting (Knowles & Swanson, 2012).

12. In-Text Citations (Three Authors) First Use
Beginning of the sentence: Knowles, Holton, and Swanson (2012) argued that music improves health outcomes in intensive care unit patients. End of the sentence: Music can aid in the relief of stress of both patients and workers in the healthcare setting (Knowles, Holton, & Swanson, 2012).

13. In-Text Citations (Three Authors) Second Use
Beginning of the sentence: Knowles et al. (2012) argued that music improves health outcomes in intensive care unit patients. End of the sentence: Music can aid in the relief of stress of both patients and workers in the healthcare setting (Knowles et al., 2012).

14. In-Text citations (six or more authors)First Use
Beginning of the sentence:
Knowles et al. (2012) argued that music improves health outcomes in intensive care unit patients.
End of the sentence:
Music can aid in the relief of stress of both patients and workers in the healthcare setting (Knowles et al., 2012).

15. Reference formatting Starts on a new page
Titled References – Not bold, not fancy, no colon:
Alphabetize the list
Do not change the order of the authors who wrote an article
Format with hanging indent rather than tabbing and spacing

16. Reference EntrY – Books
Print:
Knowles, M. S, Holton, E. F., & Swanson, R. A. (2012). APA: The definitive resource guide. Abingdon, England: Routledge.
Online without DOI:
Knowles, M. S, Holton, E. F., & Swanson, R. A. (2012). APA: The definitive resource guide. Retrieved from libraries/academic/research-tools/elibrary_acad_pub.html

17. Reference Entry – journals with and without a doi
Online with DOI: Mastnak, W. (2016). Community sound work: Music in open health settings - Voice and body, inclusion and therapy, individuality and indication. International Journal of Community Music, 9(1), doi: /ijcm _1 Online without DOI: Washnik, N. J., Phillips, S. L., & Teglas, S. (2016). Student's music exposure: Full-day personal dose measurements. Noise & Health, 18(81), Retrieved from

18. Reference Entry – Web Sites
National Institutes of Mental Health. (n.d.). How music can help you heal. Retrieved from McAdoo, T. (2009). You can quote me on this. Retrieved from apastyle/2009/12/ you-can-quote-me-on-this.html

19. THANK YOU! Questions? Answered here and now!
Answered at home -
For videos and help -
THANK YOU!