1. Chapter 2: Population

2. What is Overpopulation?
When the number of people exceed the carrying capacity of its ecological niche.
Overpopulation happens when the amount of resources needed per person in the area outweigh the number of resources that can be produced. For example, if a population of rabbits became overcrowded, than the amounnt of food per rabbit decreases
sites.davidson.edu

3. Major Population Clusters of the World
The Majority of the world population is found in Southernd and Easternn Asia, as well as parts of Europe.

4. Major population clusters in the US
The US has population clusters forming in the northeast, southwest, and area around Michigan
wikipedia.org

5. What is Agricultural Density, Physiological, and Population Density?
Agricultural Density- The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture, or arable land. (Ex: 25 farmers- 100 acres)
Physiological Density- The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable to agriculture.
Population Density- A measurement of population per unit area or unit volume.

6. What is NIR? How is it calculated?
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)- The Percentage growth of a population in a year.
This is calculated by Crude Birth Rate (CBR) minus the Crude Death Rate (CDR).

7. What is land suited for agriculture called?
Arable Land is land capable of being plowed and used to grow crops, or land used for agriculture. This land is mostly used by farmers

8. What are IMR, CBR, CDR, and TFR?
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)- An estimate of the number of infant deaths, under the age of one, for every 1,000 live births.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)- The number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a year. (Per 1,000)
Crude Death Rate (CDR)- The number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a year. (Per 1,000)
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)- The number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years.

9. What are the characteristics of each stage of the DTM?
Stage 1- Low Growth
Early Stages of a civilization with a NIR of close to zero, due to a constantly similar CBR and CDR
Stage 2- High Growth
First reached during the Industrial Revolution, stage consists of the same CBR as stage 1 but the growth is due to the plummeting CDR
Stage 3- Moderate Growth
Stage 3 begins when a country’s CBR drops sharply, meanwhile the CDR remains declining however at much slower rate
Stage 4- Low Growth
Much like Stage 1, Stage 4 consists of a NIR of zero, this is due to the decline of the CBR up until it reaches the same rate as the CDR

10. Who is Thomas Malthus and what did he argue?
Thomas Malthus was an English Economist ( ) and the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food supplies
It was during Stage 2 when Thomas made this argument in England, he supported his argument by stating that the population increased geometrically, whereas food supply increased arithmetically
Years Later
Persons
Units of Food
Today (1798) 1 25 2 50 4 3 75 8
100 16 5

11. What is Ecumene?
Ecumene- the portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
As time goes on ecumene increases
Population won’t increase in deserts as much as urban areas
America has been an ecumene before it was “discovered”, it was occupied by Native Americans

12. Why are women having fewer children in the U.S. now vs 50 years ago?
Up until recent years kids have been viewed as a source of labor or a consumption of time, which in the past there has been both an abundance of land to tend to and a good amount of time, but now women have neither
This includes their up and coming presence in the workforce as well
A women in the 21st century has less time to tend to a child and make a paycheck compared to a woman in the 2oth century who must only tend to a child/children