1. Chapter 1: Heating and Cooling pgs. 168-173
EQ: How can water change state? What are the effects of heating and cooling?

2. How does heat change water?
The sun provided energy for life on Earth and it also provides us with thermal energy.
Thermal energy is when the sun’s rays strike matter-like your skin-and the particles of matter gain energy.
This causes your skin to feel warm because the particles moving produce heat.

3. Vocabulary
Thermal energy: the fast movement of particles that causes warming
Temperature: measure how hot or cold something is
Melting: change of state from solid to liquid
Boiling: change of state from liquid to gas
Water vapor: boiling changes the liquid water to a gas
Condense: change from a gas to a solid
Freeze: to change from a liquid to a solid
Thermometer: a tool used to measure temperature

4. Changing Temperature
Thermal energy causes matter to change making the particles move faster.
The temperature then rises and we are able to measure how hot or cold something is.
Temperature is the average energy of the particles in a substance.
When water is heated, it gains thermal energy.
When something is heated, the particles move faster! This may cause a change of state.

5. Changing State
Melting
Boiling
Freezing
Condensing
If you add energy to most solids, they change to liquid.
Melting is a change of state from a solid to a liquid.
Example: Ice is a solid form of water.
When ice is heated and gains energy, its particles can move faster.
The particles can then move freely and it becomes water.

6. Change of State

7. What happens when water is cooled?
When water is cooled, it loses energy.
To condense it to change from a gas to a liquid.
It condenses when it touches cooler objects.
Ex: dew on a cool morning
The gas particles lose energy and move closer together.
The closer they get, they form drops of water.
To freeze is to change from a liquid to a solid.
When you freeze liquid water, it loses energy.
The particles move slower and closer together.
If they get close enough, a solid forms.
This is now ice.

8. Boiling and Freezing Point
Water freezes at 32˚F, or 0˚C
Water boils at 212˚F or 100˚C

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10. Measuring Temperature
When you heat and cool something it can change the temperature.
We measure this change with a thermometer.
If you’re sick, your parents measure your temperature in Fahrenheit.
Scientists measure most temperature in Celsius.

11. How is matter different from other kinds of matter?
Most matter shrinks as it freezes, but water gets larger…..why???
When water freezes, its particles rearrange themselves.
They make a pattern that no other substance makes.
Empty spaces form between the particles.
The frozen water takes up more space then the liquid water and this is why freezing a glass of water cracks the glass.
Ice floats as a liquid and this allows animals to live and survive under the ice because this keeps lakes from freezing from the bottom up.

13. What would happen if you put a plastic bottle filled with liquid water in the freezer?
The particles rearrange themselves filling the empty spaces. The frozen water takes up more space then the liquid water.

14. ABCYA Lesson