1. Chapter 22
The Human Body

2. Skeletal System
Structure—Bones, cartilage, and connective tissue

3. Skeletal System Functions— 1. Gives support and shape
2. Protects internal organs
3. Forms blood cells
4. Stores calcium
5. Muscles attach to bone

4. Bone Structure Bone is a living tissue
Osteoblasts: bone-producing cells

5. Types of Tissue Compact Bone: rigid and dense, with no open spaces
Spongy Bone: many open spaces; provides strength and support

7. Marrow
Red—produces both red and white blood cells
Yellow—stores fat

8. Cartilage
A tough connective tissue attached to surfaces of bones in areas near joints.
Most of a baby’s skeleton is made of cartilage.

9. Joints
A place where two or more bones meet

10. Types of Joints
Fixed
Ball and Socket
Gliding
Hinge
Pivot

11. Fixed Joint
Allows little or no movement
Skull

12. Ball and Socket Joint
Moves freely in all directions
Shoulder, hip

13. Gliding Joint Bones glide over one another—allows for more flexibility
Hand, wrist

14. Hinge Joint
Allows your bones to flex and extend
Knee, elbow

15. Pivot
Rotating, side-to-side movement
Vertebrae in the neck

16. Ligaments Strong, elastic bands of connective tissue
Hold together joints

17. Injuries Fracture—broken bone
Dislocated Joint—when 2 or more joints have been moved out of place
Sprain—when a ligament has been stretched too far

18. Types of Fractures

19. Diseases Osteoporosis: causes bones to become less dense
Arthritis: when joints swell and stiffen

20. Arthritis