1. Warm Up
What is this animal? How is it created?
Video

2. Selective Breeding
Selective breeding – the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as the parents of the next generation
Inbreeding – parents have same traits
Hybridization – parents have different traits

3. Portrait of a Dog English Bulldog Greyhound Short & stocky Under-bite
Bred for “blood sports”
Tall & slender
Sleek; built for speed
Bred as a hunting dog

4. Selective Breeding in Dogs
Although the bulldog and greyhound are different breeds, they are members of the same species.
Species – a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring
For thousands of years, humans have selectively bred dogs for certain traits and with specific tasks in mind.
Humans have developed more than 100 different dog breeds!

5. Inbreeding
Inbreeding – crossing two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles (Same traits)
Offspring are very similar to the parents
Goal: produce organisms with specific traits
Ex: horses bred for speed, purebred dogs
Increases the probability of inheriting genetic disorders b/c no new alleles are introduced
Ex: hip dysplasia in many breeds of dogs

6. Hybridization
Hybridization – cross two genetically different individuals
Goal: best traits of both parents
Ex: crops bred for disease resistance, hybrid dog breeds (ex: Labradoodles)

7. Zebra + Horse = Zorse

8. “Mixed-Up Species” What is a hybrid?
A cross between two genetically different individuals
What are some examples of hybrid organisms?
Zedonk, beefalo, liger, mule, grolar bear

9. Warm Up (# 1 of 3)
A scientist crossed a purebred long-winged male fruit fly with a purebred short-winged fruit fly. Long wings are dominant over short wings. What is the probability that the offspring will have long wings?
25%
50%
75%
100%

10. Warm up
What is a danger of excessive inbreeding in animals such as dogs?
It increases the likelihood of inheriting two recessive alleles for a disorder.
It introduces new and unexpected traits into a population.
It produces a population of dogs that cannot reproduce.
It results in fewer numbers of offspring over time.

11. Warm up
A scientist crossed potato plants to combine the disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another. He used the process of
inbreeding.
crop rotation.
hybridization.
cloning.

12. “Let’s Mix It Up”

13. “Let’s Mix It Up”

14. “Let’s Mix It Up” Activity
Each group will receive a set of cards.
You will create 11 hybrids using similar organisms.
One side will show the name of the organism.
The other side of the cards will show the habitat and traits of the parents.
Using the information, you will make inferences to answer the following:
What is the habitat of the hybrid organism?
What traits will be magnified (enhanced) in the hybrid?
What traits will disappear in the hybrid?
Fill in your graphic organizer for each hybrid.

15. Graphic Organizer

16. “Let’s Mix It Up” Mule Grolar Bear Horse x Donkey
Grizzly bear x Polar bear

17. “Let’s Mix It Up” Hybrid Iguana Geep Land iguana x Marine iguana
Goat x Sheep

18. “Let’s Mix It Up” Wholphin Cama Killer whale x Bottlenose dolphin
Camel x Llama

19. “Let’s Mix It Up” Limequat Peppermint Lime x Kumquat
Spearmint x Watermint

20. “Let’s Mix It Up” Pluot Loganberry Plum x Apricot
Raspberry x Blackberry

21. “Let’s Mix It Up”
Beefalo

22. Summary:

23. Research
Research at least four examples of a hybrid fruit and/or vegetable:
Name of Hybrid
Parent #1
Traits & Benefits
Parent #2

24. Selective Breeding Advertisement
Select one of the hybrid foods from your chart.
Design an advertisement that informs the consumer about your hybrid food.
Be sure to include information about what makes your hybrid desirable?
Why should I buy it?
You must include a minimum of three desirable traits.

25. Warm Up
A plant breeder crosses a short plant with pink flowers with a tall plant with white flowers. Over several generations, the breeder uses a computer to track the height and flower colors. Eventually, the breeder produces a crop of tall plants with pink flowers. This process is known as
Cloning.
Inbreeding.
Hybridization.
Genetic engineering.

26. Foldable:
Take out the “Advances in Genetics” graphic organizer (TOC #55):

27. Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering - genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism
Aka: Gene splicing
Used to produce medicines & improve food crops
May cure human genetic disorders

28. Cloning
Clone – organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.
Has the exact same genes as the organism from which it was produced.
Plants
Can clone from a cutting
BrainPop Video: Cloning

29. Cloning Animals BrainPop Video: Dolly the Sheep
Ex: Dolly, the sheep
Removed the egg cell from one sheep
Replaced the cell’s nucleus with the nucleus from a body cell from a 2nd sheep
Implanted the egg into the uterus of a 3rd sheep
BrainPop Video: Dolly the Sheep
Cloning Mimi Activity (get handout from me):

30. DNA Fingerprinting NOVA Online | Killer's Trail | It Takes a Lickin‘
DNA can be used to identify people
No two people, except identical twins, have the same DNA
Often used to solve crimes
Complete this activity – link above.
See me for a copy of the handout.

31. Human Genome Project Genome - all the DNA in one cell of an organism
It is estimated that the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans contain about 3 billion DNA base pairs – or about 30,000 to 35,000 genes!
The main goal of the Human Genome Project is to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome.