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How the Sequence of a Gene Can Tune Its Translation

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1 How the Sequence of a Gene Can Tune Its Translation
Kurt Fredrick, Michael Ibba  Cell  Volume 141, Issue 2, Pages (April 2010) DOI: /j.cell Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2 Figure 1 Messenger RNA Sequences Set the Speed Limit
There are three times as many codons as amino acids, meaning that a given amino acid can be encoded by several synonymous codons and identical proteins can be made from very different mRNA sequences. Codon choice is not random but is highly selected across a broad range of organisms to optimize protein production. (A) For many genes, codons recognized by low-abundance tRNAs are overrepresented in the first part of the gene. This pattern suggests that ribosomes translate more slowly over the initial 50 codons or so (ramp stage) and then translate the remainder of the mRNA at full speed. (B) The arrangement of synonymous codons along a gene influences translation speed. Shown is a simple example in which two different codons (represented by different shades of blue) encode the same amino acid. When the identical codons are consecutively arranged along the mRNA (autocorrelated), translation is faster than when they are alternatively arranged (anticorrelated). Cell  , DOI: ( /j.cell ) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

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