1. SIX MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS THINK ABOUT HOW THEY CONNECT. KNOW THEM.
A century:
SIX MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS
THINK ABOUT HOW THEY CONNECT.
KNOW THEM.

2. 1. GERMAN STATES GROW (Religious Settlement)
1608 The Protestant Union
1609 The Catholic League
Ferdinand II is the spark
He is a Habsburg of the Austrian Empire! And the HRE!
Closes Protestant churches
Years War!

3. 30 Years War Protestant Princes fight the HRE
What turns the tide? Sweden and France join the Protestants!
Result:
PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
Devastates econ. of Germanies
France gets some German lands
German area is free of HRE
MOST IMPORTANT: BEGINNING OF TRUE “STATE SYSTEM”

4. Two German states emerge: PRUSSIA
Hohenzollern family
Frederick William I “The Soldier’s King”
Created a strong, but very honest bureaucracy
Permanent standing army

6. AUSTRIA Austria Habsburg Family
30 Years War failed, so turned east and inward to rebuild
Permanent, standing army
Move into Hungary and Transylvania
Charles VI

8. 2. ECONOMIC GROWTH AND COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
From New World:Gold,silver,chocolate, sugar, tobacco, peanuts,spices,potatoes, (slavery becomes an issue…)
To New World: Diseases, horses, sheep, pigs, Christianity, technology, coffee…
Cash flows, standard of living up 700%!

11. BIG STINKY THINGS YOU MUST NEVER FORGET!!
CAPITALISM!
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION
LAND, LABOR AND CAPITAL
CREATES A PROFIT FOR THE INDIVIDUAL!
DEVELOPMENT OF THE JOINT STOCK COMPANY
MERCANTILISM: POLICY TO TRADE ONLY WITH THE MOTHER COUNTRY

12. 3. Encounters and Colonization
The Americas
First: Spain and Portugal to south: gold, silver, sugar…
Then: France, England and the Netherlands to the north: timber, agriculture, granite…

13. Encounters II Slavery:
Factors that lead to growth in African slave trade to the Americas
-Natives “not well-suited” Died!
-Catholic Church fought the encomienda
system that enslaved natives
-Needed cheap labor for mines, agriculture, specifically SUGAR, INDIGO…
-Slave trade already at play in Africa
st recorded shipment of African
slaves to Americas

14. Encounters III 1600’s-1700 slavery mushrooms: 37% to Brazil
41% to Caribbean
15% to Spanish Americas
5% to Southern colonies in N. America
Some of the most brutal slavery ever seen
12 million human beings sold between 1400 to

15. Encounters IV Portuguese first to India (1498)
Spanish and Portuguese first to Asia
By 1500’s Dutch and British compete: naval battles, piracy…
Dutch East India Company
British East India Company
Profit to the mother country MERCANTILISM!!!

16. BRitish factory fort, Madras India (defensible, high profits, more and more profits!)

17. 4. RISE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS
In Renaissance= 1% of pop.
1650’s=10%+
What is your status based on?
Traditionally, two classes
Nobles Commoners

18. GLOBAL TRADE INCREASES WEALTH ACROSS THE BOARD
NEW “WARRIORS”!
TAKE FINANCIAL RISK
BY 1750, 90% OF THE WORLD’S KNOWN WEALTH IS IN THE HANDS OF EUROPE!
THIS CONTRIBUTES TO HIGHER LEVELS OF LITERACY, MORE LEISURE TIME, MORE READING AND TALKING, MORE URBANIZATION…
CONNECT THIS TO:
WHO WILL BECOME THE SOURCE OF REVOLUTION?

19. 5. POWER POLITICS!!
A dance to try and maintain some kind of balance of power
Lots of wars (starting to compete for markets, raw materials)
The top five countries:
England, France, Austria, Prussia, Russia
Wars were expensive, taxes increase, social unrest…

20. 6. Absolutism vs. Parliamentary Systems
CONSTANT CONFLICT CREATES “DANCE OF THE DIPLOMATS”
Constant war had consequences:
Big bucks! Taxes too high
Deteriorating econ. Conditions
Cold,wet climate + cost of feeding army=FAMINE in some places
Social unrest
NEEDED TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO DEAL WITH THE COMPLEXITIES!!

21. FOR EXAMPLE: ENLIGHTENED DESPOT OR PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT?
“Enlightened despot”= a ruler who tries to do their best for the people, not just a greedy, corrupt, user.
ABSOLUTISM!!
Louis the 14th: Versailles
Nobles spend part of the year there
Deal: rich life for power (no Estates General)
Religion+Catholic

22. Louis worked tirelessly to centralize and tighten control of France and its overseas colonies. His finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert ( ), implemented reforms that sharply reduced the deficit and fostered the growth of industry, while his war minister, the Marquis de Louvois ( ), expanded and reorganized the French army. 
FRANCE BECOMES A MAJOR POWER!!

24. More absolutists Prussia: Remember Frederick and the tall soldiers?
Austria: Don’t forget the Habsburgs
Russia: Peter the Great and Catherine the Great

25. Parliamentary Government: England 1649
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR!!!
Charles I needs money for war; Parliament says “No, unless we get rights!” (no taxes or prison without process…)
Charles agrees, but then backs out and charges “fees”, demands only one religion…
CHARLES GETS HIS HEAD LOPPED OFF!!
SO, PARLIAMENT- NOT AN ABSOLUTE SYSTEM!

26. Reiterate: Religious Settlement Economic Growth
Encounters and Colonization
Rise of the Middle Class
Power Politics
Absolutism or Parliamentary/Constitutional

27. Reading to fill in detail
Read about Charles I and Oliver Cromwell How did England become a constitutional monarchy? Pages: Read about Russia: What made Peter “great”? What were his goals for Russia? Pages: