1. DIVERSITY MATTERS

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3. CLASSIFICATION MATTERS

4. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
MIXTURE
PURE
SUBSTANCE
HOMOGENEOUS
(SOLUTIONS)
HETEROGENEOUS
(SUSPENSIONS, COLLOIDS, ETC.)
COMPOUNDS
ELEMENTS

5. PURE SUBSTANCE Element: Substance formed by only one type of atom.
A material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure
Element: Substance formed by only one type of atom.
For example: gold (Au), silver (Ag), carbon (C), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H)
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6. PURE SUBSTANCE
A material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure
Simple substances Equal molecules with only one type of atom
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7. PURE SUBSTANCE
A material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure
Compounds: A substance that contains two or more elements, the atoms of these elements always combining in the same whole-number ratio.
For example: water, carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate, carbon monoxide
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8. A material with two or more substances
MIXTURE
A material with two or more substances
Homogeneous: It has the same properties at all its points and have only one phase. We can call this type of mixture, dissolution or solutions.
Heterogeneous: It has not the same properties at all their points and are made up of more than one phase

9. SOLUTIONS

10. SOLUTIONS 1. COMPONENTS OF A SOLUTIONS 2. TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
2.1. ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF AGGREGATION
2.2. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE
2.3. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION
3. WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION

11. COMPONENTS OF SOLUTIONS
SOLUTE: is the component of the mixture that has the minor proportion
SOLVENT: is the component of the mixture that has the major proportion

12. TYPES OF SOLUTIONS 2.1. ACCORDING TO ITS PHYSICAL STATE
2.2. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE
2.3. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION

13. ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF AGGREGATION
SOLUT
SOLVENT
SOLUTION
EXAMPLE
Gas
GAS
Air
Liquid
Moist air
Solid
airborne dust
LIQUID
Coca cola
Water and alcohol
Colacao milk
SOLID
Hydrogen in palladium
Amalgams
Alloys

14. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE
CONCENTRATED: Large amounts of solute
DILUTED: small amounts of solute

15. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION
SATURATED: It has the maximum amount of solute that the solvent can dissolve at a given temperature
UNSATURATED: It has the least amount of solute than the solvent can dissolve at a given temperature
SUPERSATURATED: It has more solute than the solvent is capable of dissolving at a given temperature

16. WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION
Percent by mass
Percent by volume
Grams per liter

17. SOLUBILITY

18. SOLUBILITY
The solubility of a solute is the maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in a certain quantity of solvent or quantity of solution at a specified temperature.
The main factors that have an effect on solubility are:

19. SEPARATION OF MATTERS

20. SEPARATION OF MIXTURES
Separation of solids
Of different sizes
SIEVE
Of different magnetic properties
MAGNETIC
SEPARATION
Of different solubility in different solvents
EXTRACTION
Separation of solids and liquids
Soluble
solid
EVAPORATION
CRYSTALLIZATION
Insoluble solid
FILTRATION
CENTRIFUGE
Separation of liquids
Miscible
DISTILLATION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Immiscibles
DECANTING
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