1. Age of Absolutism

2. Absolute France and Louis the XIV

3. Louis XIV 1661-1750 Called Himself the Sun King
The sun symbolized his role as the all-powerful center of the nation
Claimed “I am the State” and claimed Divine right to rule
Built a grand palace at Versailles that housed 10,000 nobles
Purpose was to keep the nobles busy entertaining him and prevent them from exercising power.

6. Louis XIV Domestic Concerns
French prestige and culture reached it’s peak. French language and culture was spoken all over Europe
Centralized all powers
Expanded mercantilism-acquisition of colonies and wealth(gold, silver)
Revoked the Edict of Nantes( promoted religious tolerance)
-French Protestants (Huguenots) Fled France
-Turned Protestant European countries against France

7. Louis XIV Foreign Concerns
Wished to Expand Frances borders in Europe and overseas.
Did so with Four Wars.

8. Wars 1 and 2
Increased land size by winning land from Spain

9. Wars 3 and 4
War 3 was fought against Germany and did little to no good.
War 4 was called the War of Spanish Succession and was fought to try to install his grandson as both King of France and Spain.
Peace at Utrecht ended the war and stated Louis Grandson could only be king of Spain.

10. Louis XIV Dies Poor little Louie
Left France as a strong centralized state yet weak from the cost of the wars.

11. Absolutism in Russia and Peter the Great
Traveled through Europe in secret to learn western ways
Goal:
1. End feudalism in Russia
2. Westernize/modernize the country and the military
3.Build a new capital further west to connect Russia with Europe-St. Petersburg
4. Gain a Warm Water Port

12. Peter the Great
Westernized appearance-forced men to shave traditional beards
Heavily taxed the people to pay for wars and mercantilism.
Relied on terror to maintain power

13. Catherine The Great Wished to expand Russia and modernize the country
Did little to improve the plight of the vast majority who were peasants.
Supported the arts and culture.

14. Review What country was Louis the XIV king of?
What did Louis XIV call himself?
Why did he build such an enormous castle at Versailles?
What were some of his domestic achievements?
What were some of his foreign achievements?
How did his four war affect the country?
What Changes did Czar Peter the Great bring to Russia?
What Changes did Czarina Catherine the Great bring to Russia?

15. Prussia and Frederick the Great

17. Achievements Expanded the small empire known as Prussia
Seized territory from Austria
Established religious tolerance for everyone except the Jews
Attempted to gain independence for the Prussian Empire.

18. Absolutism in Austria
Leopold I

19. Leopold I Vienna became the cultural center of Europe
Defeated the Turks after a long struggle with them.
Leopold and his descendents added to the territory of Austria.

20. Joseph II

21. Joseph II Made German the official language in Austria
Religious tolerance was granted to everyone
Anti-semitism increases
Centralized the government with the King based on the French model
Limited the power of the catholic church
Abolished serfdom and the peasant class, peasants were granted land

22. Absolute Rulers

24. England- Limiting Absolutism
James I

26. King James Version

27. James I Claimed divine right to rule England
The strength of Parliament limited his power
James and Parliament fought over two issues
Who has the final authority
Religious Dissent
James wanted conformity to the church of England
He threatened to drive out the Puritans
Banished Catholic Priests

28. Charles I
Similar to his father Charles claimed divine right to rule as well.
During his rule thousands of Puritans fled to America.
During his rule Parliament forced him to sign the Petition of Rights.
-Restricted the ability of the king to tax without Parliaments consent
-Limited the power of the monarch.

32. Charles the I and Civil War
Charles attempted to arrest 5 members of Parliament
Soldiers loyal to Charles were Cavaliers
Soldiers consisted mostly of Anglicans

33. Cavaliers
Anglicans
Wealthy Nobles
Landowners

34. Roundheads Supported Parliament Puritans Middle Class.
Called roundheads because of their short haircuts

35. England and Oliver Cromwell

36. The Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell referred to England under his control as the Commonwealth.
In reality it was Cromwell and his military ruling England
Cromwell Dissolved Parliament and declared himself “Protectorate”
Upon Cromwell’s death his son Richard resigned after nine months and turned England back over to a newly formed Parliament.

37. Charles II Parliament restored Charles II as King
Struggle between Parliament and King continued.

38. The Glorious Revolution
After Charles death Charles brother James II ruled England
James II attempted to restore Catholicism and absolute Rule
James’ first wife, Mary, and her husband William were asked by Parliament to rule England.
William and Mary led 16,000 troops to London and James II fled to France.

39. James II

40. William and Mary

41. Glorious Revolution ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS 1689
The Glorious Revolution ended all claims of Absolutism in England.
ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS 1689
Listed all laws the ruler had to Obey
No taxation without Parliamentary approval
Members of Parliament had free speech which could not be taken from them

42. English Bill of Rights Main provisions:
The King could not suspend the operation of laws.
The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice.
No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent.
Freedom of speech in Parliament.
Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
The monarch must be a Protestant.
Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Censorship of the press was dropped.
Religious toleration.

43. FOREVER MORE PARLIAMENT HAD THE MOST POWER IN ENGLAND
FOREVER MORE PARLIAMENT HAD THE MOST POWER IN ENGLAND. THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY BECAME A LIMITED MONARCHY

44. THANK YOU