1. World History and Geography
Section one
Maps, Globes
And cartography

2. Cardinal Directions
Cardinal directions are the four basic points on a map or globe. This is north, south, east and west.

3. Earth’s Hemispheres The Earth is separated into four hemispheres
These are referred to as the North, South, East and West hemispheres
There is an imaginary line called the equator that separates the northern and southern hemispheres

4. The Earth’s Grid System
The Earth is further separated into a grid system that allows geographers and cartographers the ability to find absolute locations for any given location
This grid system consists of longitude and latitude lines.
Latitude lines refer to the distance a line is from the equator. This distance is referred to as degrees

5. The Earth’s Grid System (Cont)
Latitude lines increase by degrees North and South of the equator. The equator itself is referred to as 0 degrees latitude.
Longitude measures the distance east to west of the Prime Meridian.
The Prime Meridian is similar to the equator but instead of splitting the Earth north and south it splits the Earth east and west.

6. Comprehension Check
Based on this information then the Earth is divided into four hemispheres: North, South, East and West
In what two hemispheres do we live in?

7. ANSWER
The North Western hemisphere

8. Different Types of Maps
Physical Maps – shows physical locations
Political Maps – Show geographical areas as political units
Directional Maps – tells us how to get from one place to another
Special-Purpose maps – can be used for almost any special purpose such as election night results (see page 13)

9. Earth’s Regions
Geographer’s have three basic regions that they use to identify or categorize areas. These regions are formal regions, functional regions and preceptual regions.

10. Formal Regions
The term formal region refers to an area that is defined by a common characteristic.
For Example the region in the United States referred to as the Bread Basket of America refers to the mid-central part of the USA such as Kansas where wheat is the predominant agricultural product (key ingredient to making bread)

11. Functional Region
A functional region is a central place and the surrounding area that is linked to it.
For example: Los Angeles or New York and the surrounding suburbs that are linked together by highways can be referred to as a functional region.

12. Perceptual Region
A perceptual region is defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data.
For example Dixie refers to most of the south and brings forth images of the deep south such as hospitality, good manners, pleasant personality and of course our famous southern drawl

13. Vocabulary geography cardinal directions Earths Grid System
Prime Meridian
Equator
longitude
latitude
absolute location
relative location
****The definitions for these words can be found on our class website under Unit 2 Week 2 Maps and Globes along with our learning objectives for this week       

14. Specific Project Instructions
This Weeks Project
Assigned 26 August 2013
Due 13 Sept 2013
Project is worth 15o points (equivalent of a test and half)
Specific Project Instructions
Follow the rubric I gave you on 26 August 2013Draw a map of a new continent you have discovered. Include the following:
Title of Map
Compass Rose
Key
Longitude and Latitude lines
Bottom Center tell what hemisphere it is in (hint longitude and latitude lines will determine this)

15. the end