1. Fallacious Reasoning
a.k.a. Fallacy

2. What’s a Logical Fallacy?

4. What is a Fallacy?
According to Webster’s Dictionary, a fallacy is an error in reasoning or a flawed argument.
It’s an argument that does not conform to the rules of logic, but appears to be sound.

6. Prevalence of Fallacies in Advertising…
Fallacies are all around you…
Advertisements in Magazines, T.V., billboards, video games, phones! And they all contain fallacies!
Can you think of a place where there are NO advertisements?
Probably not! That’s because advertising is impossible to escape and ad-free zones rarely exist.

9. QUICK WRITE!! Impact of Fallacies
What might be the impact of being told that we are not pretty, handsome, rich, clean, or good enough?
What does the casual acceptance of surrounding ourselves with fallacies say about us?
QUICK WRITE!!

10. Types of Fallacies
Hasty Generalization (also called overgeneralization)
Faulty use of authority (ad verecundiam)
Argument Ad Populum (“to the people”)
Non Sequitor (“It doesn’t follow”)
Either/or
Appeal to tradition
Hypostatization
Begging the Question
Bandwagon Appeal
Red Herring
Straw Man
Argument Ad Hominem (“to the man”)
Faulty Analogy
Card Stacking:
Oversimplification 
Slippery Slope

11. Jumping to conclusions about a population based on a small sample.
Hasty Generalization
Jumping to conclusions about a population based on a small sample.
Bases argument on insufficient data

13. Non Sequitor
“it does not follow”
The writer’s conclusion is not necessarily a logical result of the facts.

14. Non Sequitor

16. Appeal to Tradition
Appeal to Tradition is a fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that something is better or correct simply because it is older, traditional, or "always has been done." This sort of "reasoning" has the following form:
X is old or traditional
Therefore X is correct or better.

17. Begging the Question
The writer presents as truth what is not yet proven by the argument
Before an argument on a topic can be made, the reader must be convinced that there is a problem.

18. Begging the Question

19. Red Herring
Presenting an irrelevant topic to divert attention away from the original issue
(A red herring is a fish that smells really bad that people would use to distract bloodhounds)

20. Example: Red Herring

22. Attacks the person and the person’s character, not the issue
Argument Ad Hominem
“to the man”
Attacks the person and the person’s character, not the issue

23. Example:Ad Hominem

24. Ad Verecundiam
“False Authority”
The writer relies on “authorities” who are not convincing sources.

25. Ad Verecundiam

27. Either/or “False Dilemma”
The writer tries to convince the reader that there are only two sides to an issue. Most reasonable people understand that there is often a middle ground, especially when dealing with complex issues.

29. Hypostatization
The writer uses an abstract concept as if it were a concrete reality
i.e.- science has proven, research shows, history has taught…

30. Hypostatization

32. Bandwagon Appeal
Creates an impression that everybody is doing it, and so should you
In other words, if you suggest that someone’s claim is correct simply because it’s what most everyone is coming to believe, then you’re committing the bandwagon fallacy.

33. Example: Bandwagon

34. Straw Man
The writer selects the opposition's weakest or most insignificant point to argue against.

35. Straw Man

36. The writer uses an extended comparison as proof of a point.
Faulty Analogy
The writer uses an extended comparison as proof of a point.

38. Trying to prepare a couple to be married without allowing them to live together first is like trying to teach kids how to swim without letting them get in the pool
colorful and memorable, but is the emotional and intellectual skill set required for marriage fundamentally similar to the physical skill set required for swimming?

39. Card Stacking
The writer selects on data that supports his own viewpoint and ignores contradictory data

40. Card Stacking
By saying that no change has occurred, the cartoonist makes a jab at Obama's own campaign slogan.

41. Oversimplication
The tendency to overlook complexity in an argument
Relying on a simple explanation because it comes easily

42. Humans have caused Global Warming from driving their cars.

43. These two phrases plant an idea in your head that in order to be your best, you have to drink Starbucks, and that their coffee will inspire you when you taste it.

44. The assumption that one thing lead to another as in a chain reaction
Slippery Slope
The assumption that one thing lead to another as in a chain reaction

46. Circular Reasoning A claim which contains it’s own evidence
Can often be said both ways, and proves nothing.
You can trust me because I would never lie to you.
I would never lie to you because you can trust me.

49. https://www. youtube. com/watch
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