1. Session 1 Cell Structure & Function
Biology STAAR review
Session 1
Cell Structure & Function

2. Housekeeping…
WELCOME!!!!
NO EATING OR DRINKING ALLOWED IN THE AUDITORIUM
Put away your phones and any other distractions
Have handy a pen & a highlighter

3. Characteristics of Life
Made of Cells
Reproduce
Grow and Develop
Respond to the environment
Obtain and use energy

4. Levels of Biological Classification
Atoms
Biomolecules

5. The Cell…Basic Unit of Life
Prokaryotic (NO – Nucleus)
Eukaryotic (True – Nucleus)

6. Sort the following terms into your prokaryotic vs eukaryotic Venn diagram
Simple Complex Have DNA Have ribosomes
Have cytoplasm Nucleus NO nucleus
NO organelles Organelles Cell membrane

8. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

9. Circle the THREE structures found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells

10. Virus Structure

11. Are viruses considered living???

12. Lytic Pathway –
rapid replication of the virus, ending in cell lysis (or death). More viruses are released to infect other cells – ex. Influenza
Lysogenic pathway
The virus stays dormant until certain conditions triggers cause it to enter the lytic cycle – ex. HIV

13. Are viruses considered living???
NO!!! They DO NOT meet ALL the characteristics of life!!

14. Preventing diseases
Vaccine - a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
typically made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe.
Antibiotics are used to kill bacteria and fungi NOT viruses!!!

15. Cell Specialization ALL cells in human body have the EXACT SAME DNA
Why do they look and function differently?
Parts of the DNA within the cell are “turned on” and specialized to perform specific functions.

16. STAAR Practice Questions

17. Question 1
The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to:
move inside a host cell.
attach to a host cell.
control a host cell’s DNA.
signal other viruses to infect a host cell.
Answer B
Go over the entire structure of virus, including the capsid, protein coat, nucleic acid

18. Question 1
The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to:
move inside a host cell.
attach to a host cell.
control a host cell’s DNA.
signal other viruses to infect a host cell.
Answer B
Go over the entire structure of virus, including the capsid, protein coat, nucleic acid

19. Question 2
Question 7
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus. Symptoms including a high fever, headaches, and body aches typically occur two to seven days after infection by the virus. SARS is more serious in elderly patients. This information suggests that the reproductive cycle of the SARS virus is —
lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus
lytic, because the virus causes respiratory illness
lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people
lytic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection
Answer D
Go over the difference between Lytic and Lysogenic

20. Question 2
Question 7
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus. Symptoms including a high fever, headaches, and body aches typically occur two to seven days after infection by the virus. SARS is more serious in elderly patients. This information suggests that the reproductive cycle of the SARS virus is —
lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus
lytic, because the virus causes respiratory illness
lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people
lytic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection
Answer D
Go over the difference between Lytic and Lysogenic

21. Question 3 Which characteristic is shared by all four cells?
a. A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy
b. Self-locomotion
c. Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances
d. Genetic material composed of DNA
TEK 6B

22. Question 3 Which characteristic is shared by all four cells?
a. A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy
b. Self-locomotion
c. Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances
d. Genetic material composed of DNA
TEK 6B

23. Question 4
Question 1
Which group of organelles is directly responsible for the production of new molecules like lipids and proteins within a cell?
Ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatuses
Golgi apparatuses, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane
The endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, and vacuoles
The nucleolus, vacuoles, and ribosomes
Ans- A
Clarify smooth ER produces lipids vs. rough ER produces proteins

24. Question 4
Question 1
Which group of organelles is directly responsible for the production of new molecules like lipids and proteins within a cell?
Ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatuses
Golgi apparatuses, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane
The endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, and vacuoles
The nucleolus, vacuoles, and ribosomes
Ans- A
Clarify smooth ER produces lipids vs. rough ER produces proteins

25. Question 5
Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?
Only polysaccharides are comprised of repeating units of cytosine, guanine, and thymine.
Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Only polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes.
Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits.
This & many other questions about biomolecules will be answered tomorrow!!!
Ans B
Protein = amino acid chain, polysaccharide = many “sugars”, “saccharides”, “carbohydrates”