1. *These discoveries lead to the cell theory*
History
1) Leeuwonhoek – invents microscope
2) Hooke – uses microscope to view & name 1st cell
3) Schleiden – claims all plants are made of cells
4) Schwann – claims all animals are made of cells
5) Virchow – claims cells only come from existing
cells
*These discoveries lead to the cell theory*

2. The Cell Theory
1) All organisms are made of cells.
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure.
3) New cells come from preexisting cells.

3. Diversity of Cell Life
All organisms fit into 2 groups:
1) unicellular- one-celled organisms
2) multicellular- many celled organism
- cell specialization/differentiation
- each cell has a specific function
ex.- blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells

4. Cell Differentiation/Specialization

5. Levels of Multicellular Organization 1) Cell
2) Tissue- similar cells working together
3) Organ- similar tissues working together
4) Organ System- groups of organs working together
Digestive System
Stomach Cell
Stomach
StomachTissue

6. Cell Types
1) Prokaryotes
- no nucleus
- few organelles (cell parts)
- smaller, less complex
ex.- Bacteria

7. 2) Eukaryotes - have a nucleus - many organelles
- larger, more complex
Examples:
Plant
Protist
Fungi
Animal

8. CELL ORGANELLES
Nucleus
- controls cell’s processes
- contains DNA
Nucleolus
- produces ribosomes within the nucleus
Ribosomes
- assembles amino acids into proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- transports proteins
- makes lipids for membranes

9. Golgi Apparatus
- packages proteins for storage
Lysosomes
- breaks down materials for the cell
Vacuoles
- stores materials for the cell
Mitochondria
- provides energy for the cell (powerhouse)
Cytoskeleton
- supports the shape of the cell

10. Chloroplast
- carries out photosynthesis (plants, algae)
Cilia/Flagella
- structures used for movement
Cell Wall
- provide extra protection (plants, fungi, bacteria)

12. Plant and Animal Cell Differences
Plant Cell Animal Cell
Contains: Cell Wall No Cell Wall
Chloroplast No Chloroplast
Large Vacuole Small Vacuole
Shape: Square, rigid Round, fluid

13. Plant Cell
Animal Cell