1. Introduction to Invertebrates
Kingdom Animalia
Introduction to Invertebrates

2. What is an Animal 1. All living things are made of cells!
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
Animal cells are all
circular (round)

3. What is an Animal
2. Animals have 4 main functions that have evolved over time to let them survive.
Obtain Food and Oxygen
Movement
Functions of
Animals
Homeostasis
Reproduction

4. Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the ability to maintain stable internal environments within their bodies
Lizards crawl to shady area to cool off
Earthworms stay in moist cool soil on hot days
We shiver when we
get cold

5. What is an Animal
3. Biologists classify animals so that they are easier to study
It lets us see how they have evolved and changed over time

6. What is an Animal
4. Biologists have classified animals into about 35 major groups, each called a phylum.

7. What is an Animal
5. Animals are classified by how they are related to each other.

8. What is an Animal 6. These relationships are determined by…
Animal’s body structure
Way animal develops
It’s DNA

10. 7. What is an Animal Vertebrates: Have a backbone More complex
Invertebrates
Do NOT have a backbone
Less complex

11. What is an Animal
8. In the tree of evolution, which are more closely related to echinoderms, fish or reptiles?

12. The closer they are, the more they have in common!
The farther apart they are, the less they have in common!
Echinoderms are more closely related to fish!

13. What is an Animal 9. All animals share three characteristics:
Heterotroph
Multicellular
Symmetry

14. What is an Animal
Heterotroph: Do NOT have the ability to make their own food
Must ingest it!

15. What is an Animal Multicellular: Made up of many cells
So large you do not need a microscope to see them!

16. What is an Animal Symmetry: Balanced arrangement of parts Radial
Bilateral

17. Radial Bilateral Heterotrophs Symmetry Multicellular
Most have this type of symmetry
Tend to me larger and more complex
More quick and efficient
Ex: You, tigers, insects and dogs
External body parts equally spaces around a central point
Circular arrangement
Ex: Sea stars, jelly fish and sea urchins
Heterotrophs
Symmetry
Multicellular

18. Bilateral
Symmetry

19. What are Sponges and Cnidarians?
Sponges & Cnidarians
What are Sponges and Cnidarians?

20. Sponges 12. Sponges are: Invertebrates Usually no body symmetry
No tissues or organs (simple)
13. Sponges belong to the phylum Porifera which means “having pores”.

21. Sponges
15. Sponges obtain food and oxygen by filtering water through their collar cells.

22. Sponges 16. Sponges reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Budding = asexual reproduction (buds form on the side of sponge and break off to form new sponge.

23. Budding

24. Cnidarians
18. Cnidarians are animals that have stinging cell that they use to capture food and defend themselves.
Example: Sea anemone and jellyfish

25. Cnidarians
19. Cnidarians have two different body plans:

26. Cnidarians
20. Cnidarians obtain food by using stinging cells to catch the animals they eat then uses the tentacles to pull the food into its mouth.

27. Cnidarians 21. Cnidarians move by…
Muscle like tissue to move in different ways
Swim
Stretch out
and shrink

28. Worms

29. Worms 28. Biologists classify worms into three major phyla:
A. Flatworms
B. Roundworms
C. Segmented Worms

30. Worms 29. All worms have two main body structures:
A. Bilateral Symmetry
B. Tissues, organs and body systems

31. Worm Detection
30. Worms have their brain and sense organs located in their head region
Allows for quick detection of objects, food, mates and predators.

32. Worm Reproduction
31. Most worms are hermaphrodites (male and female sex organs).
Asexual Reproducers (break into smaller pieces and re-grow)
Sexual Reproducers (still exchange genetic material)

33. FLATWORMS
32. All flatworms:
A. Flat
B. Soft as Jelly

34. FLATWORMS
33. Planarians: Free-living flatworms (Does not live in or on other organisms)
34. Scavengers: Feed on dead and decaying materials
Feed like a vacuum
cleaner

35. FLATWORMS 35. Parasites vs. Free-Living
Parasite must live in or on another organism
Free-living do
NOT!

36. FLATWORMS
36. Other example:
Tapeworms (parasite)

37. ROUND WORMS 37. Living space:
Just about anywhere in a moist environment
Forest soil, Antarctic sands, and pools of super-hot water

38. ROUND WORMS
38. Round worms have digestive systems that are like a tube
Open at both ends

39. SEGMENTED WORMS
39. All segmented worms have bodies made up of many linked sections called segments.
Example: Earthworm

40. SEGMENTED WORMS 40. Organs are repeated in most segments
Example: Each segment has tube to remove waste and reproductive organs only found in some segments

41. Internal
Anatomy Of
Earthworm

42. SEGMENTED WORMS 41. Segmented worms have closed circulatory systems.
Blood moves only within connected tubes called blood vessels
Moves blood more quickly

43. SEGMENTED WORMS
42. Earthworms must stay moist because it’s how they breathe!
Obtain oxygen through moisture on their skin