1. Plant Systems

2. Importance of plants Earth’s major producers
Food and shelter for many organisms
Supply O2 needed for cellular respiration

3. Characteristics of Plants
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotrophs
Cell walls made of cellulose

4. Structures of land-living plants
Structures that provide plant with food, water, and minerals – leaves & roots.

5. Leaves Broad, flat organ that traps light energy
Cells contain 1000s of chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
Location for most photosynthesis in plants

6. 3. Structures that help prevent water loss - cuticle & stomata

7. Cuticle Protective waxy layer on leaves
Prevent evaporation & tissues from drying out

8. Stomata Openings in the cuticle of the leaf
Regulated by guard cells - allow for gas exchange during photosynthesis
Can close to prevent water loss – transpiration
Stomata & guard cells

9. Adaptations of Leaves The leaf of the pitcher plant
is modified to attract &
then digest insects & other small
prey due to lack of nitrogen.
Plants that grow on forest floors produces broad leaves to capture the small amount of sunlight that penetrates between taller trees

10. Adaptations of the Leaves
The narrow leaves of a pine
tree contain a waxy epidermis
as well as stomata shrunken below
the surface of leaf to reduce
water loss.
Cactus and other succulents have a tick waxy coating and reduced leaves to prevent water loss in arid climates.

11. Roots Plant organ that: Anchors plant in ground
Absorbs water & minerals from soil (assisted by root hairs)
Transports nutrients to stem

12. Adaptations of Roots
Exposed to air, ex. Epiphytes Usually for plants that need to grow on top of other plants to reach sunlight. Must get water from rain or mist because they are not in the soil. • Ex. Orchid
Swollen portions that can have buds to produce new shoots. Ex. Tubers, radish, potato, rutabaga

13. 2. Structures that aid in the transport of materials - stem & vascular tissues.

14. Stem Provides structural support for upright growth
Some green stems may also carry out photosynthesis
Contains tissues for transporting food, water, and nutrients from one part of the plant to another

16. Water moves from the roots to the leaves (what occurs in the leaves and what does it produce?)
Through xylem tissue

17. The sugars/food produced in the leaves move to the roots through the phloem tissue.

18. Substance
Direction
Vascular Tissue
Water
Leaves 
Roots
Xylem
Food/Sugar 
Phloem

19. Adaptations of the Stem
A tuber is a stem, usually
growing underground,
that stores food. Ex. potato
A rhizome is a horizontal,
underground stem. New
shoots can form allowing
the plant to undergo
periods of dormancy. Ex. ginger

20. central stem surrounded by short, thick leaves. that protect the bulb
A bulb is made up of a
central stem surrounded
by short, thick leaves.
that protect the bulb
& store food. Ex. Onion, garlic

21. 4. Structures for reproduction w/out water - flowers

22. Most flowers have 4 basic parts.
petals
pistil/
carpel
stamen
sepals