1. History of Australia

2. SS6H6 The student will analyze the impact of Europeans exploration and colonization on various world regions. C. Trace the colonization of Australia by the United Kingdom.

3. What do these things have in common????

4. First things first……..Who were the original people in Australia?
Aborigines
Do you remember what you call someone that occupied a land first?
Indigenous people

5. The Aborigines
Historians believe to be hunters that arrived in Australia.
They traveled from Southeast Asia.
They first settled in northern Australia.
They may have used boats or walked across land that once connected Australia to Asia.

6. New Research on Migration Patterns

7. First Route to Australia

8. Europeans later called these people Aborigines, which means “from the very first”.
Aborigines formed many different groups that lived in different parts of Australia.
They spoke different languages.
They developed their own cultures.

10. Early Aboriginal Culture
Aborigines usually lived and traveled in small groups called clans.
Clans included one to five families.
They shared a common language and religion.
Neighboring clans often traded or BARTERED food, tools, and other goods.

11. Hunters and Gatherers Early Aborigines were hunter-gatherers,
They hunted kangaroos, possums, turtles and seals.
They used bones, wood, and stones, to construct tools and weapons for hunting.
They used nets and harpoons to catch fish.

12. In the Outback, Aborigines used spears and boomerangs to hunt.
A boomerang is a piece of carved wood thrown by hunters at their prey.
Many Aboriginal tribes also gathered edible fruits and plants.

13. Early Aborigines valued art.
They added charcoal and colored dirt to paint their bodies.
They painted pictures on rocks, trees, and other surfaces too.
Their ceremonies features dances, songs, and instruments.
The Aborigines made baskets and necklaces.
They also liked to tell stories to entertain and pass down their beliefs and history.

14. What type of economy would they have had
What type of economy would they have had? Explain your reasoning…… Command???? Market??????? Traditional????

16. European Exploration and Colonization

17. The First Explorers
The first explorers from Europe arrived in 1606.They sailed south around the coast of Africa coast to the Cape of Good Hope. They then turned east across the Indian Ocean.

18. Most of the early European visitors only stayed temporarily.
They traded with the native populations, but did not try to take their land.
They tended to have peaceful relations with the Aborigines.

19. Guns and Disease Europeans traded many things in Australia.
Sometimes they brought advanced European weapons.
Advanced weapons made wars between Aboriginal peoples deadlier than ever before.

20. European also brought diseases.
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European diseases killed thousands of Aborigines.
Does this remind you of any other "New World" situations?

21. Great Britain had more on their minds than trading……they wanted a colony!
In 1770 Captain James Cook charted the eastern Australian coast in his ship the Endeavour. He claimed the east coast for Great Britain following orders from King George III.
Captain Cook named the east coast New South Wales . The British mapped the coast of Australia including the island of Tasmania

23. The Prison Colony In the late 1700’s, a new group of Europeans arrive.
Unlike previous explorers and traders, these people came to stay.
In 1788, Britain sent one thousand people to settle in Australia.
Most of these settlers were prisoners.

24. The British colonized Australia in 1788. The reason
The British colonized Australia in The reason???The independence of the thirteen American colonies. Before the colonies independence , Britain sent prisoners to the Georgia colony.
Britain created a new PENAL ( prison) colony by shipping prisoners from Great Britain to Australia.

25. The Prison Colony As cities in Great Britain grew, so did crime.
Great Britain decided to use Australia as a prison colony.
Prisoners performed hard labor until they finished their sentences.
Eventually, more than one hundred fifty thousand British prisoners lived in Australia.
Many remained in Australia after their release.

26. Colonial Conflict Australia’s usable land was limited.
Colonists in Australia needed space to build prisons, farms, and towns.
In many cases, they simply took the land they needed from the Aborigines.

28. Hostility between the settlers and the Aborigines increased between 1840 and 1860.
A number of violent battles occurred.
Because of their advanced weapons, the British settlers usually won.

29. Gold
For years, Europeans believed that large amounts of gold existed in Australia.
Some people sold all of their possessions to travel to the continent in search of wealth.
A gold rush began in the late 1850’s that brought tens of thousands of foreigners to Australia and surrounding islands.
The growth in population caused by the gold rush made Australia very wealthy.
The Aborigines did not share in the prosperity.

31. THE FOUR MAIN REASONS WHY GREAT BRITAIN COLONIZED AUSTRALIA
1. Britain wanted to colonize Australia to relieve overcrowding in Great Britain’s jails.
2. They wanted a naval station in the southern hemisphere.
3. They wanted Australia so that they could expand trade.
4. They wanted to claim it before any rivals could colonize it…especially France!

32. Australian Independence
In 1931, Great Britain passed a law giving Australia the right to be an independent nation.
Australia became an independent country in 1942 after it voted to accept the new law.

33. POP QUIZ

34. Question 1 What is the Australian Outback? a. a steakhouse
b. the northern shores of the continent
c. the center of the continent which is desert
d. the ocean around Australia

35. Question 2 Captain James Cook is famous because he
Claimed Australia for Great Britain
Started a prison colony in Australia
Discovered gold in Australia
Led Australia to independence

36. Question 3
Native inhabitants of Australia are known as
Aborigines
Native Americans
Colonists
Missionaries

37. Question 4
Which of the following existed among the Aborigines before Europeans arrived?
Guns and alcohol
Smallpox
Religion and art
Prisons

38. Question 5 They allowed Aborigines to get rich
European weapons and diseases had which of the following effects on native populations in Australia?
They allowed Aborigines to get rich
Wars became deadlier, and many natives died of diseases
They helped natives increase their immunity to diseases and defend their land against colonists
Diseases did not hurt native populations because they were immune to them