1. The Circulatory System
Refresh your memory….

2. The 3 main parts of The Circulatory System
The Heart
The Blood Vessels
Blood

3. Main functions of the circulatory system….
Transports oxygen, nutrients, and other needed substances to the body’s cells
Transports carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the cells
Fights infection
Regulates body temperature

4. THE HEART

5. Parts of The Heart The heart is a muscular, double pump
The Atria (Atrium)
-2 upper chambers
The Ventricles
-2 lower chambers
The Valves
-Prevent backflow
The Septum
-Divides the heart into right and left

6. Blood Flow
Body  Right Atrium  Right Ventricle  Lungs  Left Atrium  Left Ventricle  Body
Remember, the right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood, and the left side pumps out oxygenated blood to the body.

8. Blood Vessels

9. Types of Blood Vessels Arteries (AWAY)
-Carry blood away from the heart
-The Aorta is the largest artery
Veins (TOWARDS)
-Carry blood towards the heart
-Veins contain valves
-The Vena Cava is the largest vein
Capillaries
-Tiny blood vessels where gases and nutrients are exchanged

10. Blood

11. Blood = a connective tissue made up of blood cells and a liquid called plasma.
Pumped by your heart, and makes up about 7% of your body mass
Travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels

12. The Functions of Blood To Deliver: To Pick Up: Oxygen Waste Nutrients
Hormones and Enzymes
Water
Minerals
To Pick Up:
Waste
Carbon Dioxide
Heat
…AND TO FIGHT INFECTION!

13. The Composition of Blood
The Plasma (Fluid) makes up 55% of the blood volume.
The Solids (Cells) make up 45% of the blood volume.

14. 55% plasma
45 %
RBC, WBC and platelets

15. The Parts of Blood
1. Plasma = liquid part of the blood; carries everything
2. Red Blood Cells =(RBC) Gas exchange
3. White blood Cells =(WBC) Fight infection
4. Platelets = Clotting (scabbing)

16. Plasma- nonliving Carries:
Yellow liquid (92% water)
8 % nutrients, salts, urea, hormones
Produced in the liver
Carries:
Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets, Carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste

17. Red Blood Cells (RBC)- living
Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body
5,000,000 in 1 drop of blood
Shape = Concave (donut)
Made in bone marrow
Live approximately days
Hemoglobin = oxygen containing pigment
Binds to oxygen and carries it to the cells
Gives red blood cells their red color

19. White Blood Cells (WBC)- living
Protect the body against
infection and diseases
Largest blood cell, made in
bone marrow
Shape= Spherical (circular)
8,000 per drop of blood
Two types:
Neutrophils: engulf and destroy bacteria at the site of infection
Natural Killer Cells: are associated with the immune response. Produce specific chemicals called antibodies which attack foreign molecules known as pathogens

20. scienceu.fsu.edu
illus/167i2.htm

21. Platelets- living Smallest blood cells (fragments)
150,000 to 300,000 per drop of blood
Involved in blood clotting
Clotting-a solidification of blood where a blood vessel has been damaged

22. Clotting:
Involves a series of enzyme controlled reactions resulting in the formation of protein fibers that trap blood cells and form a clot.

23. user.gru.net/clawrence/ vccl/chpt7/plate.htm

25. Diseases of the Circulatory System
Myocardial Infarction- heart attack
Hypertension- high blood pressure
Hypotension- low blood pressure
Stroke- clot in the brain
Angina Pectoris- severe pain in chest
Sickle Cell Anemia- sickle shaped rbc’s
Pernicious Anemia- very low rbc count
Pericarditis- inflammation of outer membrane covering the heart
Leukemia- cancer of the blood, elevated wbc count
Arrhythmias- irregularities in heart beat
Endocarditis- inflammation of inner lining of heart
Cardiomyopathy- weakening of the heart muscle
Hemophilia- no clotting factor in the blood
Thalassemia- low rbc count, genetic, low hemoglobin count

26. High Blood Pressure Causes of HBP implicated: 1. excess sodium intake
2. stress
3. cigarettes (nicotine)
4. saturated fats
5. alcohol & caffeine
6. obesity
7. heredity & aging
No cure--may be treated by medication & diet.
"Silent killer"--millions don't know they have it

27. How do we keep our heart healthy?
Cardiovascular Exercise! (running, walking, playing sports, biking, hiking, swimming, etc)
Eat less fried foods and fatty meats
(ex. bacon, hamburgers)
Eat less junk food, drink less soda
Eat more vegetables and fruits!
Do not smoke. Smoking increases risks of heart disease.