1. WORLD WAR I

2. causes
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

3. Militarism All great powers had large standing military
Generals had detailed plans for mobilization
Ex) Germany’s Schlieffen Plan
General Alfred Graf von Schlieffen

4. Schlieffen Plan
Quickly defeat France then sweep to the east to defeat Russia (difficulty mobilizing)
Go through neutral Belgium

6. France Austria-Hungary Russia Italy
alliances
Triple Entente Triple Alliance
Great Britain Germany
France Austria-Hungary
Russia Italy

8. TRIGGER FOR WWI
Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of A-H (June 28, 1914)
Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina
Gavrilo Princip – assassin
Germany gave unconditional support – “blank check”

9. TRIGGER FOR WWI A-H’s harsh ultimatum to Serbia (July 23, 1914)
Serbia agreed to many, wanted to settle by international conference
A-H rejected (July 28, 1914 declared war)

10. WORLD WAR I Chain reaction (1914) Austria war on Serbia
Russia moving army to A-H & German borders
Aug. 1 – German gov’t war on Russia
Aug. 3 – Germany war on France
Aug. 4 – Great Britain war on Germany

11. Remember Schlieffen plan?
Brings Great Britain into the war
“Quickly defeat French then sweep to east to defeat Russia…”
Had to move through neutral Belgium – brought England into war Aug. 4, 1914

12. NATIONS TAKE SIDES By mid Aug. 1914 lines were drawn Central Powers –
Germany & A-H
Bulgaria & Ottoman Empire (wanted land)
Allies –
Great Britain, France & Russia
Japan & Italy switched sides

13. theaters 3 Theaters Western Front – France – trench warfare
Eastern Front – Russia – 19th cent. warfare
Southern Front – Balkans -

14. Western front
Schlieffen Plan worked early but ultimately failed (French intelligence)
Sept. 6-10, Allies attacked NE of Paris (First Battle of Marne)
Sept. 13 – Germans were driven back 60 mi
1 of most imp. Events of the war – defeat of Germans meant the Schlieffen Plan failed

15. Trench warfare By 1915 both sides dug miles of trenches
Space b/w sides “no man’s land”
New weapons did not mean faster war – only more efficient way to kill more ppl
Tanks, poison gas, larger artillery

16. Trench warfare 1916 – Germans attack on French – lost 300,000+ ea.
July 1916, English attacked Germans NW of Verdun - lost 500,000+ ea.
Total land gained:
4 mi(Germans)
& 5 mi (British)

19. Eastern front Along German & Russian border
During 1914, Germans crushed Russians (Battle
of Tannenberg)
Russians defeated Austrians twice in Sept. 1914
Dec. tide turned: Austrians w/ Germans drove Russians Eastward

20. Eastern front
Russia not industrialized – lacked supplies & ports blocked
Asset for Russians: People
1915: 2mill+ died, wounded, captured
STILL ABLE TO REBUILD
Able to force Germany
into 2-Front war

21. U.S. ENTERS 1917, Russia leaves
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany attempted counter blockade
Sink any ships in water near Britain
Lusitania – British passenger ship sunk w/ 128 Americans
Zimmerman Note
Germany would help Mexico “re-conquer” lands
Keep U.S. distracted

23. Governments wage total war
KEEP THE WAR EFFORT GOING!!!
Centralization of power
Ex) Censorship
Economic regimentation
Ex) Rationing, production
Manipulation of public opinion (aka Propaganda)

25. German’s final offensive
2nd Battle of the Marne
30/40 mi outside Paris
140,000 U.S. soldiers
Nov. 9, 1918, Kaiser
Wilhelm II abdicates
Nov. 11, 1918: armistice

26. Treaty of Versailles Woodrow Wilson Georges Clemenceau
United States
Georges Clemenceau
France
David Lloyd George
Great Britain
Vittorio Orlando
Italy

27. Wilson’s plan for peace
14 Points: outlines plans for achieving just & long-lasting peace
14th point: “general association of nations”
G.B & France limited agreement
Concern for national security
Wanted to punish Germany

28. Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919
Germany punished
“War Guilt” Clause – Germany sole “guilt” & pay reparations
Restriction on German military
Lost territory
League of Nations – Germany & Russia excluded
New countries formed
Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary & Yugoslavia (Serbs, Croats & Slovenes)

29. Boundaries pre-treaty

30. Boundaries post-treaty

31. Legacy of wwi COST Lost Generation 8.5 million soldiers dead
21 million wounded
$338 billion
Destroyed acres of
farmland/cities
Lost Generation
Despair can be seen in artwork

32. Legacy OF WWI Ushered in 1929 depression New nation-states created
European nations turned to dictatorships
Russia, Italy & Germany
Impact on Women
Replaced men in factories, changed dress, suffrage

33. IMPACT OF TREATY OF VERSAILLES
“A Peace Built on Quicksand”
U.S. ultimately rejected it
Bitterness & hatred left in Germany
Ppl in colonies upset not independent
Italy/Japan upset – didn’t gain territory
Sets the stage for WWII