1. Women and college sport The AIAW (Inter Collegiate Athletics for Women ) was established in 1971 and by 1980 the NCAA accepted that womens sport was important. The AIAW (Inter Collegiate Athletics for Women ) was established in 1971 and by 1980 the NCAA accepted that womens sport was important. The AIWA was abolished in 1983, as it had achieved its purpose. The AIWA was abolished in 1983, as it had achieved its purpose. Basketball is the most popular game for women in the colleges. Basketball is the most popular game for women in the colleges. It grew quickly in 1980 after the Civil Rights Act 1964 which gave equality to black people to have education and join sports teams. It grew quickly in 1980 after the Civil Rights Act 1964 which gave equality to black people to have education and join sports teams.

2. Sports have now been structured regionally under the charge of the NCAA. Sports have now been structured regionally under the charge of the NCAA. National College Athletic Association (the main section or the big 10) National Athletic Association (smaller colleges) Regional Conferences College Sports

3. Womens basketball

4. Until recently womens role in sport has been more supportive e.g. cheerleaders. Until recently womens role in sport has been more supportive e.g. cheerleaders. But in 1970 Title IX was introduced, whose purpose was ensuring that equality of the sexes existed in sport. But in 1970 Title IX was introduced, whose purpose was ensuring that equality of the sexes existed in sport.

5. Title IX www.womenssportfoundation.org

6. Title IX Historically, women in America have had the same experiences of prejudice as British women. Historically, women in America have had the same experiences of prejudice as British women. Sport has developed through manly and muscular concepts, concentrating on competition, achievement, aggression and dominance. Sport has developed through manly and muscular concepts, concentrating on competition, achievement, aggression and dominance. This has led to fewer women participating. This has led to fewer women participating.

7. Most games are aimed at showing grace with very little physical contact. Most games are aimed at showing grace with very little physical contact. Or from the supporting side – which has a high status- through the cheerleaders who are based on beauty and entertainment. Or from the supporting side – which has a high status- through the cheerleaders who are based on beauty and entertainment.

8. The state policy that was developed/passed was Title IX, 1972 The state policy that was developed/passed was Title IX, 1972 This was a policy that transformed womens sport. This was a policy that transformed womens sport. It meant that women were treated the same way as men within the education system. It meant that women were treated the same way as men within the education system. Since the passing of the act many court cases have been won. Since the passing of the act many court cases have been won. The act states that no prejudice should be shown in terms of the programmes offered, the standard of the teaching, medical services and travel costs. The act states that no prejudice should be shown in terms of the programmes offered, the standard of the teaching, medical services and travel costs.

9. Participation rates did not change much until the 1970s, when there was a great increase in participation within youth, inter-collegiate, amateur and professional sport. Participation rates did not change much until the 1970s, when there was a great increase in participation within youth, inter-collegiate, amateur and professional sport. This was because of: This was because of: The womens movement The womens movement Fitness movement Fitness movement An increase in public awareness of womens sport and an increase in broadcasting An increase in public awareness of womens sport and an increase in broadcasting State policies. State policies.

10. There was need to see that every effort was made to ensure that education was provided co-educationally, though it was right to differentiate while teaching contact sports. There was need to see that every effort was made to ensure that education was provided co-educationally, though it was right to differentiate while teaching contact sports.

11. Examples of the use of Title IX In 1993 the chief coach of Howard University womens basketball won $1.1million because of sex discrimination as she was earning a lower wage than the men. In 1993 the chief coach of Howard University womens basketball won $1.1million because of sex discrimination as she was earning a lower wage than the men. NOW (National Organisation for Women) California won a case against 20 state campuses because of inequality in funding athletics. NOW (National Organisation for Women) California won a case against 20 state campuses because of inequality in funding athletics. Female athletes at Brown University won a case against the college because of financial inequality between the female and male departments. Female athletes at Brown University won a case against the college because of financial inequality between the female and male departments.

12. One of the sports that has grown quickly in America is Football. One of the sports that has grown quickly in America is Football. This was mainly after the World Cup was held in the country and after the American womens team won it in 1999. This was mainly after the World Cup was held in the country and after the American womens team won it in 1999. America has accepted Football as a game for women and men. America has accepted Football as a game for women and men. This is very different to what is seen in the UK. This is very different to what is seen in the UK. In spite of the growth it is still well behind in terms of expenditure and power. In spite of the growth it is still well behind in terms of expenditure and power. Mia Hamm who is a female football player for America is sponsored $1million a season by Nike. Mia Hamm who is a female football player for America is sponsored $1million a season by Nike.

14. The final was played in front of a crowd of 90,000, the biggest crowd ever to watch womens sport. The final was played in front of a crowd of 90,000, the biggest crowd ever to watch womens sport. By now Adidas and Nike sponsor the teams, as well as companies like Chevrolet and Budweiser. By now Adidas and Nike sponsor the teams, as well as companies like Chevrolet and Budweiser. There are also goods like Soccer Barbie. There are also goods like Soccer Barbie.

15. Why is football so popular America likes winners America likes winners America likes the game America likes the game It does not have to compete with mens games, unlike Britain It does not have to compete with mens games, unlike Britain Women do not play American Football Women do not play American Football Football is less physical than American Football Football is less physical than American Football

17. Task What effect has Title 1X had on the American sport system? What effect has Title 1X had on the American sport system?