1. LEARNING
Prof. K. Sivapalan

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6. Why learn? ? To obtain certificate for jobs ?Financial benefits
?social recognition
?self benefits
?social benefits
?[justifying dominant persons needs]
?natural instinctual behaviour
Learning
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7. Reward and Punishment in Learning and Memory
Stimuli that cause neither of these are not remembered.
The limbic system has much to do with selecting the information to be learnt and thrown away.
About 99% of the input is thrown away and only 1% is learnt.
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8. Emotional and Logical Brains
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9. LEARNING A process that results in change of behavior.
Learning is acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, preferences, understanding, and may involve synthesizing different types of information
Human learning may occur as part of education or personal development
It may be goal-oriented and may be aided by motivation
Learning
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10. .
LEARNING is the insatiable curiosity that drives the student to absorb everything that is seen, heard or read.
The student who says, "I am discovering, drawing in from the outside, and making that which is drawn in a real part of me" is learning.
The experience of the learner should progresses along this line:
"No, no, that's not what I want";
"Wait! This is closer to what I am interested in, what I need";
"Ah, here it is! Now I'm grasping and comprehending what I need and what I want to know!"
Learning
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11. Teaching Methods
Factory Model
SPICES Model.
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12. SPICES Teaching/Learning
Traditional
Teaching
SPICES Teaching/Learning
Teacher Centred
Student centred
Information gathering
Problem based
Discipline based
Integrated
Hospital based
Community based
Uniform
Electives
Apprentice based
Systematic
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13. Learning and Teaching Done by……. Purpose…..? Result of not doing……
Whose responsibility ……
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14. Teaching and Learning What is teaching? What is learning?
Trying to impart knowledge, skills and attitude.
Teaching may result in learning or not.
Done by the teacher, books, other students, etc.
Starts on admission and ends with certification
Can we teach wisdom ?
Acquiring knowledge, skills and attitude
Learning results in change of behavior
Done by the student and the student only
Starts at 35 weeks of gestation and never ends
Wisdom is acquired
Wisdom-the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge you have
Learning
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15. Learn what?
Cognitive- such as learning to recall facts, to analyze, and to solve a problem
Psychomotor- such as learning to perform the correct steps in a dance, learning to swim, learning to ride a bicycle, or drive a car
Affective- such as learning how to like someone, "to hate sin", to love one's country (patriotism), to worship God, or to move on after a failed relationship.
Learning
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16. Attitudes It is a tendency to respond to various aspects
Directional- favourable direction
Based in knowledge component
Linked to feelings or emotion
Linked to stable [core] factors
Enduring character over a period of time
Susceptible to change
Learning
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17. Remembering Short term and long term memory. Repetition.
Association.[ mnemonics]
Reasoning.
Learning
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18. Forms of Memory Explicit memory Implicit memory Short-term memory
Working memory
Long term memory
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19. Explicit Memory Also called declarative and recognition memory.
It is associated with consciousness or at least awareness.
Events [episodic], rules, words and language [semantic]
Dependant on hippocampus and parts of temporal lobe.
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20. Implicit Memory Does not involve awareness
Also called nondeclarative or reflexive memory.
Includes skills, habits, and conditioned reflexes.
It does not involve hippocampus.
Explicit memory can become implicit once it is learnt thoroughly.
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21. Short-term Memory
Lasts for seconds to hours during which processing in hippocampus or elsewhere lays down long term memory.
Memory traces are subject to disruption by trauma and drugs.
Working memory is a form of short term memory.
It keeps information for very short periods while the individual plans actions on it.
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22. Long term Memory Involves changes in synaptic strength.
Stores memories for years or sometimes for life.
Memory traces are remarkably resistant to disruption.
Involves protein systhesis.
Importance of good nutrition for good learning and memory.
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23. Basis of Memory.
The key to memory is the strength of selected synapses.
It involves protein synthesis during conversion of short term memory into long term memory.
Protein deficiency is associated with poor memory.
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24. Teaching Methods. Lectures. Practicals Tutorials Giving objectives.
Examination.
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25. Assist learning Lecture Tutorial Practical Library
Facilitate discussion
Facilitate self learning
Are the above enough to fulfill the vision and mission of the university?
Do the examinations signify satisfactory fulfilment of the objectives
Learning
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26. Learning Methods. Listening actively – lectures, tutorials etc.
Reading.
Writing notes.
Discussions- tutorials, approach teachers, peer groups, seniors.
Answering.
Experimenting and reasoning.
Experience and participation.
Dealing with patients and people.
Learning
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Learning
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28. LEARNING AND RETENTION- QA council
Lecture- 5%
Reading- 10%
Audio-visual- 20%
Demonstration- 30%
Discussion group- 50%
Practice by doing- 75%
Teach others / immediate use of learning – 90%
Learning
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