1. CEP PhD Symposium 2018
18/04/2018
How have policies and market incentives impacted the expansion of planted forests in developing regions?
The Brazilian case
Rocio Diaz-Chavez
Manuela Czinar
This project is funded by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).

2. MEMORY TEST

3. This is equivalent to 1 football field per minute
~14,300 trees were planted in Brazil during this 10-minute presentation
This is equivalent to 1 football field per minute
Source: Ibá (2015).

4. This presentation is going to go through:
Background
Case studies
Preliminary results
Next steps
Discussion

5. Background

6. Key facts 31% of global land is covered by forests
Carbon stored in forests represents 77% of all carbon present in vegetation
Planted forests represent 7% of global forest area
Source: FAO (2016). Eliasch, J. (2008).

7. Land use 2x
23x
10x
World
Source: FAO (2016). IBGE (2017).

8. World (outer circle) - Brazil (inner circle)
Energy mix
World (outer circle) - Brazil (inner circle)
Source: IEA (2015)

9. Tree (wood) productivity comparison
7 years in Brazil
25 years in Sweden
140,000 hectares in Brazil
300,000 hectares in China
Average time needed to grow an Eucalyptus tree
1 hectare =
1 football field
Area needed to supply a pulp factory with 1.5 m t annual production capacity
Source: Ibá (2017).

10. Case studies

11. Case studies
Location
CASE STUDY 1
CASE STUDY 2

12. Pulp and Paper Industry
Case studies
Main use
Steel Industry
Pulp and Paper Industry
CASE STUDY 1
CASE STUDY 2

13. Case studies
Area
CASE STUDY 1
CASE STUDY 2
Source: Ibá (2017).

14. Case studies
CASE STUDY 1
CASE STUDY 2

15. Preliminary results Ongoing survey, responses so far:
9 face-to-face + 14 online (some of which, incomplete)

16. Respondent’s age
n = 23

17. Respondent’s education

18. Area of respondent’s rural properties – in hectares
n = 21. Two respondents are not shown in the graph. Each has 40,000 hectares.

19. When did the respondent start to plant trees with commercial purpose?
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
n = 18

20. Motivation to start planting trees with commercial purpose
current diversification financial future investment labour price seedling shortage support
n = 18

21. Would the respondent plant trees with commercial purpose again?

22. Concerns for the next 5 years
change climate corruption crop demand drought environmental erosion fire labour land law pests price rights shortage use
n = 18

23. Next steps The research questions
4. How is the development of bioenergy influencing the monitoring mechanisms of sustainability in the forestry sector?
3. How have policies and market incentives impacted the expansion of planted forests in developing regions?
2. Which theoretical frameworks address the synergies amongst forest growth, bioenergy and sustainable forestry?
1. How has sustainable development guided the expansion of the forestry sector?

24. ‘Spoiler alert!’
How have policies and market incentives impacted the expansion of planted forests in developing regions?
The Brazilian government has imposed to the steel industry to move away from charcoal from natural forests back in the 1970s and has given tax rebates until 1985 for reforestation projects (1st boom – policy driven)
When tax rebates were abolished, planted area fell. Agricultural expansion increased the availability of charcoal from deforestation. Low enforcement (1st collapse – policy driven)

25. ‘Spoiler alert!’
How have policies and market incentives impacted the expansion of planted forests in developing regions?
Commodities (oil, steel) prices skyrocket in early 2000s following strong Chinese demand (2nd boom – market driven)
Late 2000s: global economic crisis, Brazilian political crisis, steel production capacity increase in China (2nd collapse – market driven)
Is the ‘third boom’ going to be market-policy driven?

26. Thank you Obrigada FIND OUT MORE: