1. EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION Chapter 15-2 Unit 8 Part 2: Notes #1
Turn in Warm-ups from 1/29- 2/6 (Pass towards middle)
Warm-up 2/12:
What is Struggle to Survive?
Give an Example.
Why is struggle to survive key to Natural Selection?
Give two examples of Evidence that scientist have to support evolution. (You should have learned some in middle school)
EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION Chapter 15-2 Unit 8 Part 2: Notes #1

2. Evolution defined… Evolution is a process of gradual modifications
Darwin called this descent with modification

3. Ancestor Organism 1 Organism 2
Many animals and plants shared common ancestors and deviated from that common ancestor overtime
Organism 1
Ancestor
Organism 2

5. Fossils Fossils provide geologic evidence of evolution
Fossils in older layers are more primitive than those in the upper layers

6. Transitional Species:
Descent with modification states that newer
species are modified versions of older
species
- Fossil record contains the intermediates

7. Anatomy
Vestigial organs - a group of organs with no particular use now but may have been useful in ancestors (tailbone coccyx or hip bones in whales)

8. Anatomy cont.
Homologous Structures: body parts that are similar in structure may have different functions
Indicating at some point way in the past they did the same job and came from a common ancestor

9. Anatomy cont.
Analogous Structures: same functions but different development
ex. a butterfly wing and a bat wing
Indicates that populations evolved to be better suited to the environment

10. Warm-up 2/13
What is the difference between Homologous and Analogous Structures?
Name 3 ways that the fossil record gives evidence for evolution.
Evidence for Evolution Part b
(continuation of Tuesdays notes)

11. Biogeography
Certain animals in one location share similar traits (I.E. marsupials in Australia)

12. Embryology
Similar likenesses in embryos of organisms is evidence of descent with modification

13. Biological Molecules DNA  RNA Proteins
Similar proteins means similar DNA
The longer it’s been since they shared a common ancestor the more differences in protein

14. EVOLUTION IN ACTION
Chapter 15-3 pp

15. Evolution defined…
Evolution of a population is due to environment and the interaction of other species
Evolution acts on phenotype, not genotype

16. Artificial Selection
Humans breed for specific traits causing differences in species (i.e. dog breeding)

17. Examples of Evolution
Convergent evolution: Organisms with very different ancestors become more alike due to a common environment
Ex. fish and whales- compare analogous structures

18. Divergent evolution: populations become more and more dissimilar to adapt to the environment-compare homologous structures
Appearance of birds with different sized beaks that are specific for size of bird seed

20. Adaptive radiation
Population undergoes divergent evolution until it fills all areas of the environment

21. Co-evolution: as one species evolves another does (parasites and hosts)