1. Chapter 21 Section 3 Notes The Other Side of Civil Rights

2. Rioting Occurs in many major cities during the mid 1960s
LA, Chicago, Atlanta
Some A-A’s sick of waiting for equality
Variety of causes
Police mistreatment
businesses not following laws
Local govt. not enforcing laws
Many arrests, even deaths
A lot of property damage
Leaders like MLK against all this

3. 1967 Detroit Riots
Starts when mostly white police arrest around 80 blacks at an “illegal bar”
There had been many incidents of police discrimination and brutality before
Many White Owned businesses in area also didn’t treat blacks well
Many A-A’s in city sick of getting picked on and react
Lasts 5 days
U.S. National Guard called in
43 people killed
100s injured
over 7,000 arrested
2,500 buildings burned or looted
Around $60 million in damages
1 of the Largest riots in U.S. History

5. Different Styles of Leadership in the Movement

6. Malcolm X & The Nation Of Islam
believed blacks were superior to whites and should separate from them
Religion, Family & Education stressed
Give up Vices (Drugs, Booze, Sex outside Marriage)
called for armed self defense to get equality
“Ballots or Bullets”
this scared whites
Malcolm split with the NOI in 1963
Killed by 3 members in 1965
Spoke out against NOI leader & beliefs
These 2 only met 1 time… for about
2 minutes, while the Civil Rights Act
of 1964 was being debated

7. Stokley Carmichael & SNCC
Didn’t want any more white involvement with SNCC
Fight back if provoked during demonstrations
Developed the phrase “Black Power”
Be proud of your culture
The phrase scared whites

8. Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, & The Black Panthers
Formed in 1966 in Oakland, CA
Very politically active
Spread throughout U.S.
10,000 members by 1969
Purpose
Improve conditions in ghettos
Protect ghettos from police brutality
Poor Media Attention (viewed as thugs)
Dressed and acted like their own military
Had violent altercations with police
Most members quit or in jail by 1980

9. Kerner Commission (Mar. 1968)
LBJ orders U.S. Govt. to Investigate Cause of Urban Violence
Findings = White Racism
What to do?
Improve Conditions in Ghettos
Spend $$$ on
Education
Housing
Job Training
Drug Prevention
Do govts. follow suggestions?
For the most part… no
White taxpayers don’t want $$$ going there

10. MLK Assassinated (April 1968)
Occurs in Memphis, TN
There to give a speech in support of striking sanitation workers
Shot by James Earl Ray
Found 2 months later in London
Claims he didn’t do it
Another Conspiracy?
Sentenced to Life
Dies in Prison
Riots in over 100 cities when reported

11. MLK Memorial in Wash. DC.
From the last speech MLK gave the night before his death

12. Civil Rights Act of 1968 Occurs a week after MLK’s death
Ended legal discrimination in housing
Increased punishments for violence or threats
towards blacks and civil rights workers

13. Robert Kennedy Assassinated (June 1968)
Brother of JFK
major civil rights supporter
was running for Pres
More in chp. 22

14. Was the Civil Rights Movement Successful?

15. De Jure Segregation Definition = legally permitted segregation
How to change it? = CHANGE THE LAWS
This was accomplished (1950s – 1970s)
Illegal now (can vote, go anywhere public equally)

16. De Facto Segregation
Definition = separation that occurs “as a matter of fact”
Examples include:
housing and schooling patterns
white business leaders hiring/promoting whites over blacks
Sped up in the 1950s (upcoming slide)
Still occurs
Graph about Detroit’s Population Shifting

17. I couldn’t make this up if I tried….
2 towns in Indiana right next to each other.
Um… De Facto Segregation maybe?
Chisholm was the 1st female A-A member of the U.S. House of Reps

18. White Flight (1950s – 1980s)
Biggest contributor to De Facto Segregation
Whites moving from cities into suburbs to self segregate
They took their tax dollars with them
Had better paying jobs/educations than blacks
Businesses followed the $, moved out of cities
City schools deteriorated
Nice new schools built in suburbs.
Still see the effects today

20. Affirmative Action Programs
Created to encourage colleges and businesses to provide different guidelines for blacks because they had suffered discrimination and unequal opportunities in the past
Encouraged by U.S. Govt. at times
Some still in effect, some are not…
Some whites claim reverse discrimination
The Poster on the bottom left is against affirmative action while the cartoon on the bottom right is in favor of it.
Do you understand why?

21. Whether People are for or against Affirmative Action depends on how the ? is asked and who is asked.

22. University Of Michigan – Affirmative Action
Allowed race to be a factor for admissions to make up for injustices done to African – Americans
Michigan voters changed the state Constitution in 2006 to stop this.
Civil Rights leaders appealed
Supreme Court ruled on 4/22/14
Affirmative Action can be banned by voters
May Change a lot of things going forward
Gay Marriage?