1. Chapter 22

2. 1. True or False: The mountainous regions of North America occur in the center of the continent flanked by broad plains.
True
False

3. 2. Most mountains: occur in isolation. occur in ranges.
occur distant to to plate boundaries.
have low rates of erosion.

4. 3. In a meandering stream system:
resisting power > stream power.
resisting power = stream power.
resisting power < stream power.

5. 4. In most mountain stream systems:
resisting power > stream power.
resisting power = stream power.
resisting power < stream power.

6. 5. Which of the stream factors below contribute to the power of a stream?
A. sediment load and discharge
B. sediment load and gradient
C. gradient and discharge
D. None of the above.

7. 6. Under which of the conditions below will bedrock erosion be greatest?
A. Available sediment load > stream power.
B. Available sediment load < stream power.
C. Available sediment load = stream power.

8. 7. How does an increase in stream power affect overall sediment load?
A. Load is increased.
B. Load is decreased.
C. Load is unaffected.

9. 8. Which rock type is most easily eroded?
unfractured granite
shale
sandstone
schist

10. 9. Landscape development is controlled by interactions between plate tectonics and the:
rock cycle.
carbon cycle.
climate system.
geothermal gradient.

11. 10. Which process does NOT lead to isostatic uplift?
A. crustal thickening
B. erosion
C. sediment deposition

12. 11. True or False: Uplift of the crust in a continental collision zone ceases once crustal thickening ceases.
A. True
B. False

13. 12. How do the rates of uplift and erosion change as an orogenic belt ages into a part of a craton?
A. Uplift rate decreases and the erosion rate increases.
B. Uplift rate increases and the erosion rate increases.
C. Uplift rate decreases and the erosion rate decreases.
D. Uplift rate increases and the erosion rate decreases.

14. 13. Select the correct description of the following feedback relationship: Tectonic uplift creates weather that enhances erosion. Enhanced erosion rates then lead to further tectonic uplift.
A. positive feedback
B. negative feedback
C. inverse feedback
D. None of the above.

15. 14. Predict how increased rates of silicate weathering associated with orogenesis affect atmospheric chemistry?
A. increase atmospheric CO2
B. decrease atmospheric CO2
C. increase atmospheric ozone
D. decrease atmospheric ozone

16. 15. What happens to the rate of isostatic uplift if the rate of erosion increases in a landscape?
A. speeds up
B. slows down
C. stops completely
D. None of the above.

17. 16. What process maintains relief in a landscape long after tectonic uplift has stopped?
A. erosion
B. compression
C. isostacy
D. divergence

18. 17. If erosive processes single-handedly shaped the surface of Earth, what final form would you predict landscapes would take?
A. rugged mountain ranges
B. deep ocean basins
C. landscapes with both rugged peaks and deep basins
D. very flat surfaces

19. 18. What is the source of the rock material that allows the process of isostacy to maintain topography in old mountain ranges like the Appalachians?
A. the outer core
B. the lower mantle
C. the lower portion of the crust that is depressed into the asthenosphere
D. Earth’s surface

20. 19. What is the ultimate destination of sediment eroded from uplifting mountain ranges?
A. ocean basins
B. intermountain valleys
C. coastal plains
D. alluvial fans

21. 20. Absolute dating of landscapes can be accomplished using:
radioisotopes.
cosmogenic nuclides.
paleomagnetism.
dendrochronology.
All of the above.