1. mATTER Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space)
Exists usually as a solid, liquid or gas (the fourth state is plasma)

2. Characteristics (Properties) of Matter
Matter has many characteristics (properties) that can be observed:
Physical (observed without changing the make up of the substance)
Mass
Volume
Density
Color
Shape/size
Texture

3. More Physical Properties
Conductor of electricity
Hardness of a mineral
Streak of a mineral
Cleavage of a mineral
Odor
Melting/freezing/boiling point
Solubility

4. Physical Changes
A change in a physical property without changing the make up of the substance
Examples include:
Ripping paper
Cutting a piece of yarn
Stretching a rubber band
Phase changes (water boiling, freezing and melting)
Sheep-sheering
Separating a mixture (by physical means)

5. Characteristics of Physical Changes
The substance is the SAME before and after 
Only the physical properties change
A physical change CAN be reversed

6. Characteristics (Properties) of Matter
Matter has many characteristics (properties) that can be observed:
Chemical (describe how substances can form new substances)
Combustibility
Ability to rust
Tarnishing pH

7. Chemical Changes
A change in a substance that produces one or more new substances
Examples include
Nail rusting
Wood burning
Food cooking
Tarnishing of the Statue of Liberty
Photosynthesis

8. Evidence of a Chemical Change
Look for:
color change
bubbling and fizzing (a gas is produced)
light or heat production (the release of energy)
formation of a solid.

9. Characteristics of Chemical Changes
Substance changes into something else (it is NOT the same before and after)
Both physical and chemical properties change
A chemical change can NOT be reversed

10. SOOOOOOOO……
WHERE DO WE BEGIN!?!?!?

11. Mass The amount of matter an object contains
Measured with a triple beam balance
Unit (symbol)
Gram (g)

12. Irregular solids and liquids
Volume
Amount of space a substance takes up
Object
Irregular solids and liquids
Regular solid
Measured with
Graduated cylinder
Metric ruler
Unit (symbol)
Liter (L)
Meter (m)

13. Density A property of matter representing the mass per unit volume
D= m/v
Unit (symbol)
g/cm or g/mL
“how jam-packed something is” NOT how light or heavy something is!

14. Solubility A substance’s ability to dissolve
Insoluble means does not dissolve
Ex:
Hot cocoa mix in milk or water
Iced tea mix in water
You can speed up the rate at which a substance dissolves by:
Stirring
Increasing surface area (cutting into smaller pieces)
Adding heat

15. Solubility Words
Solute- in a solution, a substance that is dissolved into a solvent
Ex) iced tea mix, hot cocoa mix, chocolate syrup
Solvent- in a solution, a substance that dissolves a solute, present in the largest percentage
Ex) water, when making iced tea there is more water than iced tea mix
Solution- a mixture of two or more substances that is identical throughout

16. More Solubility Words
Saturated - containing the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved (there’s no room)
Unsaturated - not saturated, there’s still room
Super-saturated - there’s extra at the bottom
Concentration - solute / solvent
More solute = more concentrated = “stronger”
Less solute = less concentrated = “weaker” (diluted)

17. Solubility Curves Look at the graph and describe the lines!
Some increase,
some decrease,
some slowly,
some quickly.
It doesn’t matter
what the substance
is….just how the
line looks!

18. Matter can be pure or mixed
Matter can be a pure substance, meaning it only has one type of component:
Examples:
Elements
Contains only one type of atom
Gold contains gold atoms
Compounds Contains two or more types of atoms bonded together
Compounds have very different properties than the elements that make them up
Ex) Na (explosive) and Cl (poisonous gas) when mixed, make table salt

19. Matter can be pure or mixed
Mixtures are combinations of substances in which the substance retains its properties
M&Ms ~ the red M&M still stays red even though it’s mixed with green and yellow M&Ms
Fruit salad ~ all the fruit pieces remain as the individual fruit

20. Comparing Mixtures and Compounds
Individual substances keep properties
Compounds have new properties
Can be separated by physical means
Can only be separated by breaking the bonds that keep them together
Proportions of the substances can be different throughout
Proportions are the same throughout

21. Separating Mixtures Can be separated by physical means
Color, size, shape, texture
Using a magnet (if one part is magnetic)
Strainer if mixed in water/other liquid
If dissolved in water, evaporate the water