1. Table of Contents What Is Energy? Forms of Energy
Energy Transformations and Conservation
Energy and Fossil Fuels

2. Exponents - What Is Energy?
An exponent tells how many times a number is used as a factor. For example, 3 X 3 can be written as 32. You read this number as “three squared.” An exponent of 2 indicates that the number 3 is used as a factor two times. To find the value of a squared number, multiply the number by itself.
32 = 3 X 3 = 9
Practice Problem
What is the value of the number 82? 64

3. Kinetic Energy - What Is Energy?
Kinetic energy increases as mass and velocity increases.

4. Potential Energy - What Is Energy?
Gravitational potential energy increases as weight and height increase.

5. Using Prior Knowledge - What Is Energy?
Before you read, look at the section headings and visuals to see what this section is about. Then write what you know about energy in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, write what you learn.
What You Know
The joule is the unit of work.
Energy has different forms.
What You Learned
The two basic kinds of energy are potential energy and kinetic energy.

6. Click the SciLinks button for links on energy.
- What Is Energy?
Links on Energy
Click the SciLinks button for links on energy.

7. End of Section: What Is Energy?

8. Calculating Mechanical Energy
- Forms of Energy
Calculating Mechanical Energy
The kinetic energy of a 500-N diver during a dive from a 10-m platform was measured. These data are shown in the graph.

9. Calculating Mechanical Energy
- Forms of Energy
Calculating Mechanical Energy
Reading Graphs:
According to the graph, how much kinetic energy does the diver have at 8 m?
About 1000 J

10. Calculating Mechanical Energy
- Forms of Energy
Calculating Mechanical Energy
Calculating:
Using the graph, find the kinetic energy of the diver at 6 m. Then calculate the diver’s potential energy at that point.
Kinetic energy = about 2000 J; potential energy = about 3000 J

11. Calculating Mechanical Energy
- Forms of Energy
Calculating Mechanical Energy
Inferring:
The mechanical energy of the diver is the same at every height. What is the mechanical energy of the diver?
About 5000 J

12. Building Vocabulary - Forms of Energy
After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key Terms. Use the information you have learned to write a definition of each Key Term in your own words.
Key Terms:
Examples:
nuclear energy
electromagnetic energy
Key Terms:
Examples:
mechanical energy
A type of potential energy called nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom.
The form of energy associated with the position and motion of an object is called mechanical energy.
thermal energy
The sunlight that you see each day is a form of electromagnetic energy.
The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object is called thermal energy.
electrical energy
The energy of electric charges is electrical energy.
chemical energy
Chemical energy is potential energy stored in the chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together.

13. Links on Forms of Energy
Click the SciLinks button for links on forms of energy.

14. End of Section: Forms of Energy

15. Energy Transformations
- Energy Transformations and Conservation
Energy Transformations
Most forms of energy can be transformed into other forms.

16. Transformations Between Potential and Kinetic Energy
- Energy Transformations and Conservation
Transformations Between Potential and Kinetic Energy
A pendulum continuously transforms energy from kinetic to potential energy and back.

17. Energy Transformations Activity
- Energy Transformations and Conservation
Energy Transformations Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about energy transformations.

18. Asking Questions - Energy Transformations and Conservation
Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions.
Question
Answer
What is an energy transformation?
An energy transformation is a change from one form of energy to another.
What are some examples of transformations between potential and kinetic energy?
Juggling and pendulums show transformations between potential and kinetic energy.
What is conservation of energy?
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

19. End of Section: Energy Transformations and Conservation

20. Use of Fossil Fuels - Energy and Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels can be burned to release the chemical energy stored millions of years ago.

21. Previewing Visuals - Energy and Fossil Fuels
When you preview, you look ahead at the material to be read. Preview Figure 18. Then write two questions that you have about the diagram in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, answer your questions.
Using Fossil Fuel Energy
Q. What energy transformation occurs in the sun?
A. Nuclear energy to thermal energy and electromagnetic energy
Q. What energy transformation takes place when coal is burned?
A. Chemical energy to thermal energy

22. Links on Energy Transformations
- Energy and Fossil Fuels
Links on Energy Transformations
Click the SciLinks button for links on energy transformations.

23. Click the Video button to watch a movie about the use of fossil fuels.
- Energy and Fossil Fuels
Use of Fossil Fuels
Click the Video button to watch a movie about the use of fossil fuels.

24. End of Section: Energy and Fossil Fuels

25. Graphic Organizer Energy Kinetic energy Potential energy Joules Work
is the ability to do
exists as
measured in
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Joules
Work
which at a given rate is
can be
Elastic
Gravitational
Power

26. End of Section: Graphic Organizer