1. NATO April 1949: NATO alliance
10 west European countries, the US and Canada sign the Washington Treaty
Created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Collective security system
"an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all" (article 5)
NATO'S FIRST SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER EUROPE GENERAL DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER,
DECEMBER 1950

2. NATO (1949) United States Luxemburg Belgium Netherlands Britain Norway
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain

3. Warsaw Pact (1955) Formed by the USSR to counter NATO in Europe
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania

4. Europe After WWII: Competing Aims
US aims
Democracy and capitalism as practiced by the US allows for freedom of property ownership and participation in government.
The US wanted freed trade such that the US would BUY resources and then sell manufactured products.
The US wanted other countries to have freedom of action, and then choose to want to trade with the US,
US wanted Germany to be strong so that it would not fall under totalitarianism as it had after WWI.
Soviet aims
Communism under the USSR did not allow for any of these things, thus being complete opposites and unable to work together.
The USSR wanted to take what it wanted and generally did not sell anything. (It did sell things to its allies in some cases).
the USSR wanted its neighbors to have no choice but to act as defenders of the USSR territory
USSR wanted to punish Germany and keep it weak so it would not attack USSR again.
Where is the Iron Curtain?
The two countries could not economically relate because the two systems were entirely incompatible.

5. The Arms Race The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949.
Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

6. Nuclear Arms Race Reliance on nuclear weapons to keep the peace
Neither side could allow the other to get too far
ahead
U.S. created CIA
Gathered info using spies
Brinkmanship - willing to go to the brink of war
If war came, both sides hoped to destroy other side's nuclear weapons before they could be used
Massive Retaliation

7. Truman approves development of hydrogen bomb
500x more powerful than atomic bomb
Nov. 1952: 1st U.S. hydrogen bomb exploded
1953: USSR exploded one
THIS WEB SITE ALLOWS YOU TO INPUT BOMB STRENGTH AND SHOWS THE DAMAGE THAT WOULD HAPPEN GOING OUT FROM THE CENTER OF THE BLAST.

8. USSR WAS THE FIRST TO SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCH AN ICBM
1957: ICBM, Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
nuclear bombs carrying missiles with ranges of over 5,000 miles
No place on earth was safe from nuclear destruction
USSR WAS THE FIRST TO SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCH AN ICBM
FIRST US ATLAS ICBM

9. Space Race U.S. and USSR raced to be the first to conquer space
1957: Sputnik
first satellite (USSR)
1961: 1st man in space
Yuri Gagarin (USSR)
Apollo program
US works to catch up
1969: 1st Man on the moon
Neil Armstrong (US)
Discuss
p. 537

10. Assignment
Pg. 536 #3-7