1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
AND CLASSIFYING SUBSTANCES

2. مستوى What is a substance? Ask someone in the class?
You have 1 minutes to
think of an answer.
مستوى

3. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Everything you can see is matter BUT some things you cannot see are also matter. What are these?

4. MATTER Why are different parts of the rock different in color?
Why might some parts of the rock feel harder than other parts?

5. The parts of the rock look and feel different because they are made of different types of matter.
Matter is anything that has
mass and takes up space.

6. you will see many types of matter.
If you look around,
you will see many types of matter.
What can you see
in your classroom
that is made of matter?
What is it made of?

7. Today’s KEY WORDS ATOMS - Everything is made from atoms,
and there are over 100 different types.
Examples are Cl for Chlorine and N for Nitrogen.
ELEMENTS - an element cannot be broken
down (chemically) into a more simple substance.
Examples are Nitrogen and Oxygen.
COMPOUNDS - a substance formed when two or more
chemical elements are chemically bonded together.
Examples are water (two Hydrogenes and one Oxygen)

8. Watch video: Watch video and hand out print out of this table
Watch video and
hand out print out
of this table

10. …but what is an atom made of?
It is a small particle that is the building block of matter.
…but what is an atom made of?
Electrons (e)
Neutrons (n)
Nucleus
Protons (p)

11. How small is an atom?

13. Not all atoms have the same number of protons, neutrons and electrons
Not all atoms have the same number of protons, neutrons and electrons. These different numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons give different properties.

14. ELEMENT and COMPOUND

15. ELEMENT
An ELEMENT is a substance that consists of only one type of atom.
Some examples of ELEMENTS are:
Aluminium metal – Aluminium foil is made of trillions and trillions of Aluminium atoms all stuck together to form a sheet that you use in cooking.

16. ELEMENT - Aluminium

17. ELEMENT – An Aluminium atom

18. BUT – the atoms of some elements exist in pairs.
- it is more stable for them to stick together.
Oxygen gas. This is made of two atoms of oxygen stuck together to form an oxygen molecule.
EACH ELEMENT CONTAINS ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM
–SO ITS COMPOSITION IS ALWAYS THE SAME.

19. ELEMENT - Oxygen

20. ELEMENT – Oxygen atom and pair.

21. A COMPOUND
A compound is a substance made from two or more elements that have reacted chemically with each other.
Some examples:
Can you name these famous compounds? What are they composed of?

22. Na + Cl NaCl This is salt. You put it on your food for taste.
It is made up on two atoms called
Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl).
Na and Cl atoms react together
to form this white solid we call salt.
This is the CHEMICAL FORMULA:
Na + Cl NaCl
The scientific name for salt is Sodium Chloride.
This is a compound

23. 2H + O H2O This is water. You drink this every day!
It is made up on two atoms called
Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O).
H and O atoms react together
to form this clear liquid called water.
2H + O H2O
Hydrogen and oxygen are gasses but when they react,
they become a liquid. This is another compound

24. C + 2O CO2 This is Carbon Dioxide. It is a greenhouse gas.
It is made up on two atoms called
Carbon © and Oxygen (O).
C and O atoms react together
to form a gas.
C + 2O CO2
This is a compound
The atmosphere is 0.04% CO2 and a lot is made in factories
and it is bad fir the environment.
DO YOU REMEMBER THE CARBON CYCLE?

25. ELEMENT, COMPOUND or MIXTURE?

26. A MIXTURE -
A mixture is made up of two or more different elements which are mixed but are not combined chemically.

27. How do you make lemon squash?

28. Are M&M’s a mixture?

29. A MIXTURE
Mixture is a substance made by the physical combination of two or more different elements or compounds. A mixture does not involve any chemical reaction. So, if you mix magnetized powder with salt, you get a mixture that can be separated physically by means of a magnet.

31. We are interested in HOMOGENOUS and HETEROGENOUS mixtures.
A mixture can be composed of solids, liquids or gases and can be classified into 6 different categories – homogenous, heterogeneous, solutions, alloys, suspensions, and colloids.
We are interested in HOMOGENOUS and HETEROGENOUS mixtures.

34. Examples of Mixtures
Air is a homogeneous mixture. However, the Earth's atmosphere as a whole is a heterogeneous mixture. See the clouds? That's evidence the composition is not uniform.
2.Mixing together two solids, without melting them together, typically results in a heterogeneous mixture. Examples include sand and sugar, salt and gravel, a basket of produce, and a toy box filled with toys.

35. Examples of Mixtures
3.Mixtures in two or more phases are heterogeneous mixtures. Examples include ice cubes in a drink, sand and water, and salt and oil.
4.Liquids that do not mix form heterogeneous mixtures. A good example is a mixture of oil and water

36. Examples of Mixtures
5.Many common chemicals are homogeneous mixtures. Examples include vinegar and dishwashing liquid
6.Many familiar items are heterogeneous mixtures. Examples include orange juice with pulp and chicken noodle soup.

37. …but…
some mixtures that appear homogeneous at first glance are heterogeneous upon closer inspection. Examples include blood, soil, and sand.
…and…
a homogeneous mixture can be a component of a heterogeneous mixture. For example, bitumen (a homogeneous mixture) is a component of asphalt (a heterogeneous mixture).

38. PLENARY: What is an atom made of? A bowl of cereal is what?
How do atoms of different elements differ?
A compound is?
O An atom
O An atom stuck to a compound
O Two atoms that are the same bonded together
What is NaCl?
O Atom
O Element
O Compound
O Mixture
Why is Aluminium a substance?
What does each letter and number mean? C6H12O6
What is a mixture?