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BIOLOGY NOTES-HUMAN EVOLUTION
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Primates HUMANS BELONG TO THE GROUP CALLED _____________that also include monkeys and apes originally lived in trees strong hands ,fingers and ____________________thumbs relatively large brains w/ a degree of intelligence complex social behaviors primates opposable
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Primates bipedal extended parental care
only humans can remain ____________-walking on 2 legs-for an extended time humans have the largest of primate brains humans have more developed speech bipedal
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II.Primate Evolution-A.Apes
usually larger than monkeys larger brains and no tail surviving apes:_________,______,_____,and gibbons genetic studies show chimps to be closest ape to humans-----more than 90% genes identical Chimps, gorillas, orangutans
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chimps Gibbons orangutans gorillas
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Prosimians & Anthropoids
____________________(means premonkey)-small monkeylike w/ large forward facing eyes and are night---fossilized ones were rodentlike Modern Prosimians:__________,____________ and ________________ Lorises ,pottos, lemurs and tarsiers nocturnal Prosimians loris
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pottos Tarsier lemur
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Prosimians & Anthropoids
________means humanlike -include New World monkeys of S. America w/ pre-hensile tails-flexible tails(example-spider monkey) anthropoids in Europe,Asia and Africa evolved into 2 groups 1)_________and 2)_________ Old World Monkeys have long prominent noses and non-prehensile tails-example-Baboon 1)New world ex-spider monkeys 2) Old World—ex-baboon anthropoid
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Spider monkey Baboon
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_______________all anthropoids belonging to human family
Early Hominids _______________all anthropoids belonging to human family modern human:_____ __________are scientists who study the lives and cultures of human through fossils and artifacts probably there was usually more than one a time hominids Archaeologists Homo sapiens
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Australopithecus Fossil evidence suggests the split between human and apes happened between 5-8 million years ago Oldest fossil found may be_____________-meaning southern ape found in southern Africa million y old - __________ A. ramidus Australopithecus
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Australopithecus 1924-_______-2.7-2.1 mya
1974-_________________-Lucy-3-4mya They are considered hominids because they are bipedal---note different pelvis Austalapithecus brain still smaller _______________and _____________-1-2 mya-thicker bones A. Africanus A. Robustus and A. boisei A. afarensis
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A. africanus A.afarensis
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A. robustus A. boisei
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Homo habilis 1964 the Leakies found __________________-1st known to use tools-direct ancestor of humans 1960's-another discovery of probably same species larger brain Homo habilis
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Homo erectus even larger brain
migrated out of Africa and into Asia and Europe may have been able to make fire
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Homo sapiens maybe 500,000 to 300,000 y ago
A. ___________fossils found in Germany in 1856 subspecies of Homo sapiens Europe and Asia brains as large as humans faces fairly similar w/ heavier brow burials and decorated tools religion Neanderthal
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Neanderthals
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Cro-Magnons 100,000 y a shared earth w/ Neanderthals....may have blended into one group may have drove Neanderthals to extinction 1st fully modern human
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