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Intro to Chemistry & the Scientific
Method
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Chemistry- study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
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Organic Physical Inorganic Analytical Biochemistry
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Scientific Method 5 Steps: 1. Problem 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiment
4. Observations & Data 5. Conclusion
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1) Problem - “What’s wrong?”
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2) Hypothesis - “Educated Guess”
predict what will happen based on prior knowledge
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3) Experiment - Test your hypothesis
a) Control Group – stays the same, used for comparison b) Variable Group – what you manipulate that changes
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1. Independent Variable – what the experimenter changes (what I change
2. Dependent Variable – what is observed/measured (dependent variable depends on the independent variable).
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3. Control Variables – Things that are kept the same during each experiment.
Remember, a good experiment only has two variables that change (independent and dependent). All the rest of the variables must be the same.
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when graphing… Keep in mind: D R Y M I X dependent independent
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4) Observations & Data collection
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5) Conclusion - - Based on observations Might support hypothesis!
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Observation vs. Inference
Observation – the act of gathering information. You actually see it! Inference – an opinion based on the observations.
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observation inference observation inference inference inference observation inference
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Quantitative vs. Qualitative
- Qualitative – describes physical characteristics Color, Odor, Shape, Sound, Taste, Texture, Etc… Quantitative – numerical information How Much? How Tall? How Fast? How Many? Etc…
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Scientific Law vs. Theory
Scientific Law – summarizing statement of many experiments Has been proven, usually stated in a mathematical formula - Scientific Theory – thoroughly tested explanation of why experiments give certain results Can NOT be proven, helps predict natural systems
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EX: Atomic Theory Charles Law
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