1. Objective- Understand an author’s development of ideas, point of view, and purpose. Skill- Analyze different types of essays (expository, persuasive, reflective, descriptive and narrative). Analyze non-fiction for purpose, point of view, rhetorical devices, central ideas, figurative language, organizational structure, tone and word choice.
Understand that authors write for a purpose because they have something to say about
real life and they develop their purpose with nonfiction elements.

2. Types of Essays and Non-fiction Elements

3. Author’s purpose- how he wants to affect the reader.
Inform- provide facts and explain
Persuade- to influence
Entertain- to make the audience feel emotion
When an author writes he has a purpose- he has a reason why he wants to affect the reader a certain way
Read each
Inform- ask for example information written about a new game system coming out.
Persuade- ask for example a different piece written about why it is better than older game systems
Entertain- ask for example a story that tells about how teens in a club at school play various game systems together after school

4. Narrative Essay Tells the story of actual experiences and events
We will look at these 3rd quarter.
Example: you guys have written many of these – every time you tell a story about something you have done or seen

5. Persuasive/Argumentative Essay
To convince audiences to accept an author’s claim or position on an issue, or to motivate audiences to take a particular course of action.
We will look at these in a couple of weeks.
Example: political speech, articles in magazines, letter to mom or dad to convince them to let you go out even though you are grounded.

6. Expository/Informative Essay
Inform readers about a topic and explain the ideas it involves.
How to do something, how something works- essay about the new operating system for the I phone 6- explain what functions it has and how they work.

7. Descriptive Essay
Vivid details about a person, place or thing to help the reader.
Tell me about your favorite place with vivid details but don’t tell me what the place is- let me guess

8. Reflective Essay
Explore the meaning of an experience or offer the author’s thoughts or feelings
Choose a narrative of an event and then give detailed feelings and thoughts as you look back.
Often times this is paired with one of the other kinds of essays. If I choose the idea of drinking and driving as dangerous, I might give a narrative account of an event and then reflect on what that experience meant to me or give my detailed feelings and thoughts.
What is a topic you could write a reflective essay about?

9. Point of View The author’s stance or position on the topic
He may use 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person to get this opinion across.
Jerry wrecked his car and upset his whole family after drinking on Friday night. This news tortured his parents. They were determined to find a way to stop his behavior.
Different than 1,2,3 rd
What is the point of view for these parents on drinking and driving?
Politicians have a point of view on political issues.
Ask students which person and point of view:
3rd person: on slide- how do you know the point of view/position? What word choices?
Ask students to come up with a 1st and 2nd sentence.
1st person: I think drinking and driving is dangerous.
2nd person: You shouldn’t drink and drive. It is dangerous.

10. Central Idea and Support
Jerry wrecked his car and upset his whole family after drinking on Friday night. This news tortured his parents. They were determined to find a way to stop his behavior.
What is the Central idea or main point of this?
Does the author directly say what the opinion is? No, How did you get the answer? you must infer it.
How many details are presented here that relate to the main idea?
Wrecked, upset, after drinking, tortured his parents, find a way to stop behavior

11. Organizational Structure
Identify the structure of the work
Chronological order- order of time
Compare/contrast- similarities/differences
Cause and effect- did one thing happen because of another?
Transition words are clues:
Consequently, Most importantly, Except, Due to
How is it set up?
Transition words are words that help connect one sentence idea to another sentence idea.
First- what kind of organizational structure?
Most importantly- what kind?
Cause and effect ??

12. Objective- Understand an author’s development of ideas, point of view, and purpose. Skill- Analyze different types of essays (expository, persuasive, reflective, descriptive and narrative). Analyze non-fiction for purpose, point of view, rhetorical devices, central ideas, figurative language, organizational structure, tone and word choice.
Understand that authors write for a purpose because they have something to say about
real life and they develop their purpose with nonfiction elements.

13. Tone and Word Choice
Word choice conveys an attitude toward the topic and audience.
Examples:
solemn/playful
Joyous/ annoyed
formal/ informal
That scoundrel will disgrace our city!
That deviant will disgrace our city!
Helps us to see what attitude the author has toward the topic he is talking about.
Examples
What tone does this sentence express? Outrage, anger, embrassment
Which is seems more passionate?

14. Figurative Language Simile- comparison using like or as
Metaphor- comparison without like or as
Personification- human traits to a nonhuman subject- not animals
Human traits given to animals is called anthropomorphism.
Hyperbole- exaggeration
Others?
Students give examples
Simile- it was as tricky as skateboarding during an earthquake.
Metaphor- Friendship is a warm place on a cold day.
Personification- The winter slapped my face with its icy hands

15. Rhetorical Devices
Repetition- reusing an important word, phrase, or idea.
Example:
He plays with skill. He plays with passion. He plays in a style all his own.
Preachers, speeches of many kinds, to emphasize a point

16. Rhetorical Devices
Parallel structure- similar grammatical structures to express similar ideas.
Example:
The eagle soared above the treetops, into the heavens, and beyond reach.
My morning routine consists of driving to work, walking into the building, and unlocking the door.
Notice the use of Prepositions- showing relationship- each time.
What kind of word is used to help show parallel structure in the second sent?

17. Rhetorical Devices
Restatement- expressing/ saying the same idea in different words.
Example:
Aspire to greatness. Aim high, and dream big.
How many restatements are listed in the example- 3

18. Rhetorical Devices
Rhetorical Questions- questions that have obvious answers, asked for effect.
Example:
Fall break was nice, but short. You would like to be out of school at least one more day, wouldn’t you?
Asked for effect- To restate this- to guide the reader to an idea or feeling that the author wants them to have.
I don’t need an answer from you. I can guess what it would be. Why did I want you to think about that answer? To help support the idea that fall break was short. You might want another day to get something done that you didn’t get to do while you were out.