1. Chapter 3, Lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat
thermometerster

2. Chapter 3, lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy and Heat Slide 1
*Thermal energy flows from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature.
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-The objects around you that are sitting still contain particles, such as atoms and molecules, that are always moving.
-Even though an object isn’t moving, the particles that make it up are constantly in motion.
*Main Idea
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-What are particles in motion?

3. Chapter 3, lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy and Heat Slide 2
*How is temperature related to particles in motion?
*The temperature of an object depends on how fast the particles in an object are moving.
*Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy in the particles in a material.
*When particles in a material move faster, they have more kinetic energy.
*As a result, the average kinetic energy of the particles increases and the temperature of the material increases.

4. Chapter 3, lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy and Heat Slide 3

5. Chapter 3, lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy and Heat Slide 4
-What is thermal expansion?
-As particles in a material move faster, they tend to move farther apart.
-Thermal expansion is an increase in the volume of a substance when the temperature increases.
-Most materials expand when their temperature increases.
-For example, a hot air balloon will expand as more hot air is inserted inside it.

6. Chapter 3, lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy and Heat Slide 5
The New Mexico hot air balloon festival.

7. Chapter 3, Lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat Slide 6
*What are thermometers?
*Thermometers are used to measure temperature.
*Most use a red liquid inside a glass tube that as the temperature of the liquid increases, it expands, and its volume increases.
*When the liquid temperature decreases, the liquid shrinks.
*A scale on the side of the tube indicates the temperature.

8. Chapter 3, Lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat Slide 7
Thermometer

9. Chapter 3, Lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat Slide 8
-What are temperature scales?
-There are three common temperature scales----Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin.
-The Fahrenheit scale is most often used in the United States.
-Other countries use the Celsius scale.
-The Celsius and Kelvin scales are both used in science.

10. Chapter 3, Lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat Slide 9
The temperature scales of Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin

11. Chapter 3, Lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat Slide 10
*What is heat?
-What are heat and temperature differences?
*Heat is the movement of thermal energy from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature.
-Heat always transfers energy from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature.
-For example, a hot bowl of soup will transfer thermal energy to the colder air that surrounds it.
-This causes the particles in the air to move faster and the particles in the soup to move more slowly.

12. Chapter 3, Lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat Slide 11
-What are heat and temperature differences (continued)?
*How do heat and temperature differences reach the same temperature?
-The kinetic energy of the air increases while the kinetic energy of the soup decreases.
-The thermal energy of the soup is being transferred to the air.
*Thermal energy keeps moving from a warmer object to a cooler object until both objects reach the same temperature.
*Eventually, the temperature of hot soup will reach the same temperature of the surrounding air because there will no longer be any transfer of thermal energy.

13. Chapter 3, Lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat Slide 12
-When hot soup cools to the same temperature of the surrounding air, there is no longer any transfer of thermal energy.

14. Chapter 3, Lesson 3, Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat Slide 13
-Summary
-Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material.
-As particles move faster, material usually expands and its volume increases.
-Thermal energy moves from an object at a higher temperature to an object of a lower temperature.
-The movement of thermal energy stops when the objects reach the same temperature.

15. Questions???
What is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material?
As particles in a material move faster, they tend to move closer or farther apart?
Which temperature scale has a freezing point of 0 degrees?
Which temperature scale has a boiling point of 212 degrees?
What is the movement of thermal energy from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature?