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The Water Cycle
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The Sun The sun provides the energy to power the water cycle
The sun heats the upper ocean causing evaporation of liquid water into water vapor
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The water vapor rises into the atmosphere and cools
The cooled water vapor creates tiny water droplets that form clouds
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When clouds become too heavy with water droplets, precipitation falls
rain sleet snow hail
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Once water reaches the earth’s surface:
Infiltrates the surface (soaks in) Runs across the top of the ground filling rivers, lakes, and streams (can cause erosion)
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aquifer A natural underground area where large amounts of ground water collect and create an underground supply of water Amount of water stored depends on the porosity and permeability of the sediment
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porosity Amount of water that a material can hold in the spaces between the pores
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permeability The measure of how well an earth material can let water pass through it.
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percolation The downward movement of water from the land surface into soil or porous rock. It is caused by gravity
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infiltration When water enters the soil surface after falling from the atmosphere
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Surface water Water located on earth’s surface
Most US cities use surface water rivers lakes streams ponds creeks reservoirs
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ground water Water located under the ground surface
Reached by using wells Cleaner and safer
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pollution Any change to the environment that has a negative effect on living things Water sources are especially sensitive to pollution Burning fossil fuels can create acid rain
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Discussion Questions Is there a beginning to the water cycle?
What is the power source for the water cycle? How does water get into an aquifer?
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