The jobs of: NOUNS and VERBS.

The jobs of: NOUNS and VERBS

NOUNS people

NOUNS people places

NOUNS people places things

NOUNS people places things ideas

NOUNS Cinderella

NOUNS Cinderella the Prince

NOUNS PEOPLE! Cinderella the Prince

NOUNS CAN FUNCTION AS…

NOUNS CAN FUNCTION AS… subjects

NOUNS CAN FUNCTION AS… subjects direct objects

NOUNS CAN FUNCTION AS… subjects direct objects indirect objects

NOUNS CAN FUNCTION AS… subjects direct objects indirect objects
objects of prepositions

objects of prepositions predicate nominatives

NOUNS STOP!

NOUNS Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN?

NOUNS Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN? What do you mean by

NOUNS Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN? What do you mean by SUBJECT

NOUNS Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN? What do you mean by
SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT

SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT INDIRECT OBJECT

SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT INDIRECT OBJECT OBJECT OF PREPOSITION

SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT INDIRECT OBJECT OBJECT OF PREPOSITION and PREDICATE NOMINATIVE?

NOUNS It’s easy.

NOUNS It’s easy. Think of a baseball team.

NOUNS Who is on a baseball team?

NOUNS Who is on a baseball team? A bunch of players.

NOUNS But each player has a specific job.

But each player has a specific job.
NOUNS But each player has a specific job. pitcher

NOUNS But each player has a specific job. pitcher catcher

NOUNS But each player has a specific job. pitcher catcher short stop

NOUNS But each player has a specific job. pitcher catcher short stop first baseman

NOUNS But each player has a specific job. pitcher catcher short stop first baseman right fielder

NOUNS But each player has a specific job. pitcher catcher short stop first baseman right fielder …and the rest

NOUNS They are ALL players.

NOUNS They are ALL players. But each one does his own job.

NOUNS The nouns in a sentence are ALL nouns…

NOUNS The nouns in a sentence are ALL nouns… but they each have a specific job.

NOUNS So let’s see it again:

objects of prepositions predicate nominatives

NOUNS Let’s break open some sentences to see these nouns (and other words) do their jobs.

NOUNS 1) Cinderella works.

NOUNS Cinderella works. Subject Action Verb Indirect object
Preposi-tion Object of prep.

NOUNS Cinderella works. Find the verb first! Subject Action Verb
Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep.

NOUNS Cinderella works. Find the verb first! Subject Action Verb
Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. works

NOUNS Cinderella works. Who is DOING the verb? Subject Action Verb
Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. works

NOUNS Cinderella works. Who is DOING the verb? Subject Action Verb
Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy works

NOUNS Cinderella works. SUBJECT!! Subject Action Verb Indirect object
Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy works

NOUNS Cinderella works. SUBJECT!!
Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy works “Cinderella” is who the sentence is about.

NOUNS SUBJECT: The NOUN in a sentence that is performing the verb.

**CLARIFICATION** Throughout this lecture, I will describe the different jobs of NOUNS. NOTE: PRONOUNS also do the same jobs as NOUNS; so anytime I say NOUN, I mean PRONOUN, too.

**For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

To find the SUBJECT,

To find the SUBJECT, Ask yourself: “What’s the verb?”

To find the SUBJECT, Ask yourself: “What’s the verb?” Then ask: “Who or what is doing the verb?”

CIRCLE the SUBJECT.

NOUNS 2)The Prince sees Cinderella!

NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. What’s the verb? Subject Action Verb
Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. What’s the verb?

NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object
Preposi-tion Object of prep. sees

NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. Who’s doing the “seeing”? Subject
Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. sees Who’s doing the “seeing”?

Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince sees

NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. WHO or WHAT is he “seeing”? Subject
Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince sees WHO or WHAT is he “seeing”?

Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince sees Cindy

NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. Cinderella is the DIRECT OBJECT.
Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince sees Cindy Cinderella is the DIRECT OBJECT.

NOUNS DIRECT OBJECT: The NOUN in a sentence that is receiving the action of the verb that the SUB is doing.

To find the DIRECT OBJECT:

To find the DIRECT OBJECT: Ask: “What is the VERB?”

To find the DIRECT OBJECT: Ask: “What is the VERB?” Ask: “Who or what is DOING the verb?” That’s the SUBJECT.

To find the DIRECT OBJECT: Ask: “What is the VERB?” Ask: “Who or what is DOING the verb?” That’s the SUBJECT. 3) Ask: “What is RECEIVING THE ACTION of the verb? That’s the DIRECT OBJECT!

CIRCLE the DIRECT OBJECT in this sentence.

**CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
Did you think “Cinderella” was the DIRECT OBJECT?

Don’t feel bad if you did.

But here’s why it’s “shoe”:

We know “gives” is the verb.

We know “the Prince” is doing the “giving.”

Then we ask: “WHAT is being ‘given’?”

Is “Cinderella” being “given”?

NO! The “SHOE” is being “given.”

The “shoe” is DIRECTLY RECEIVING THE ACTION OF THE VERB: “to give.”

Let’s move on.

NOUNS 3) Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.

Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
NOUNS Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. What’s the verb?

NOUNS Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. gives What’s the verb?

NOUNS Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. gives Who is doing the “giving”?

NOUNS Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives Who is doing the “giving”?

NOUNS Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives What is being “given”?

NOUNS Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile What is being “given”?

NOUNS Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile To WHOM is the “smile” being “given”?

NOUNS Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives the Prince a smile To WHOM is the “smile” being “given”?

NOUNS Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives the Prince a smile “The Prince” is the INDIRECT OBJECT!

NOUNS **NOTE! You can’t have an INDIRECT OBJECT…
Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives the Prince a smile …unless you have a DIRECT OBJECT!

NOUNS INDIRECT OBJECT: The NOUN in a sentence that is receiving the DIRECT OBJECT.

NOUNS **A sentence CAN’T have an INDIRECT OBJECT unless it has a DIRECT OBJECT!

To find the INDIRECT OBJECT:

To find the INDIRECT OBJECT: Ask: “What is the VERB?”

To find the INDIRECT OBJECT: Ask: “What is the VERB?” Ask: “Who or what is DOING the verb?” That’s the SUBJECT.

To find the INDIRECT OBJECT: Ask: “What is the VERB?” Ask: “Who or what is DOING the verb?” That’s the SUBJECT. 3) Ask: “What is RECEIVING THE ACTION of the verb? = DIR OB!

To find the INDIRECT OBJECT: Ask: “What is the VERB?” Ask: “Who or what is DOING the verb?” That’s the SUBJECT. 3) Ask: “What is RECEIVING THE ACTION of the verb? = DIR OB! 4) Ask: “Who is receiving the direct object?” That’s the Ind. Ob.!

(ADD THIS JUST UNDER STEP 4:) WORD ORDER: SUB + VB + IndOb + DirOb The IndOb is IN BETWEEN the Vb and the DirOb.

CIRCLE the INDIRECT OBJECT in the sentence.

NOUNS 4) Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.

Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. What’s the verb?

NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. gives What’s the verb?

NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. gives Who is doing the “giving”?

NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives Who is doing the “giving”?

NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives What is being “given”?

NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile What is being “given”?

NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile What is the INDIRECT OBJECT?

NOUNS We WANT to say “the Prince” is the I.O.,… Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile

NOUNS We WANT to say “the Prince” is the I.O.,… Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile …but we CAN’T say that!! Why?

NOUNS “The Prince” ISN’T the I.O. because… Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile

NOUNS “The Prince” ISN’T the I.O. because…
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile …”the Prince” is stuck in a prepositional phrase.

NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile Stay alert!

NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile to the Prince Stay alert!

NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy gives a smile to the Prince This sentence has NO indirect object.

NOUNS OBJECT of PREPOSITION:
A NOUN in a prepositional phrase. These phrases START with a preposition and END with a noun.

To find the OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION:

To find the OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION: 1) Look for little words like: to, by, for, in, on, after, about, …

2) See if a NOUN is right after that little word.

2) See if a NOUN is right after that little word. If so, it’s probably a PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE.

CIRCLE the entire PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE in this sentence.

“Ball” is the OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION.

Don’t get tricked by infinitive verbs: “to SING,” “to DANCE.”

**CLARIFICATION** Cinderella likes to dance.

There is NO prepositional phrase in this sentence.

**CLARIFICATION** Cinderella likes to dance. “Dance” is a VERB,
not a NOUN.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES end in NOUNS!

NOUNS 5) The Prince blows Cinderella a kiss.

The Prince blows Cinderella a kiss.
NOUNS The Prince blows Cinderella a kiss. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. What’s the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows Cinderella a kiss. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. blows What’s the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows Cinderella a kiss. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. blows Who is doing the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows Cinderella a kiss. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows Who is doing the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows Cinderella a kiss. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows What is receiving the action of the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows Cinderella a kiss. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows a kiss What is receiving the action of the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows Cinderella a kiss. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows a kiss WHO is receiving the direct object?

NOUNS The Prince blows Cinderella a kiss. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows Cindy a kiss WHO is receiving the direct object?

NOUNS 6) The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella.

The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. What’s the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. blows What’s the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. blows Who is doing the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows Who is doing the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows What is receiving the action of the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows a kiss What is receiving the action of the verb?

NOUNS The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows a kiss WHO is the INDIRECT OBJECT?

NOUNS The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows a kiss Do you see it this time? Tricked again?

NOUNS The Prince blows a kiss to Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince blows a kiss to Cindy No, you’re not tricked. Cindy is stuck in a prepositional phrase!

NOUNS 7) Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.

Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
NOUNS Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. What’s the verb?

NOUNS Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. dance What’s the verb?

NOUNS Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. dance Who is doing the dancing?

NOUNS Whoa! A COMPOUND subject.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy and the Prince dance Whoa! A COMPOUND subject.

NOUNS Who or what is receiving the action of the “dancing”?
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy and the Prince dance Who or what is receiving the action of the “dancing”?

NOUNS Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy and the Prince dance ???

NOUNS NOTHING is receiving the action!
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy and the Prince dance NOTHING is receiving the action!

NOUNS X So there is NO direct object.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy and the Prince dance X So there is NO direct object.

NOUNS Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy and the Prince dance X And if there’s NO direct object, it’s IMPOSSIBLE to have an indirect object!!

NOUNS X We know that “into the night” is a prepositional phrase.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy and the Prince dance X We know that “into the night” is a prepositional phrase.

NOUNS X We know that “into the night” is a prepositional phrase.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy and the Prince dance X into the night We know that “into the night” is a prepositional phrase.

NOUNS We said that NOUNS function as…

NOUNS We said that NOUNS function as… subjects

NOUNS We said that NOUNS function as… subjects direct objects

NOUNS subjects direct objects indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as… subjects direct objects indirect objects

NOUNS subjects direct objects indirect objects objects of prepositions
We said that NOUNS function as… subjects direct objects indirect objects objects of prepositions

NOUNS subjects direct objects indirect objects objects of prepositions
We said that NOUNS function as… subjects direct objects indirect objects objects of prepositions predicate nominatives

Wait! NOUNS subjects direct objects indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as… subjects direct objects indirect objects objects of prepositions predicate nominatives Wait!

NOUNS YES--subjects direct objects indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as… YES--subjects direct objects indirect objects objects of prepositions predicate nominatives

NOUNS YES--subjects YES--direct objects indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as… YES--subjects YES--direct objects indirect objects objects of prepositions predicate nominatives

NOUNS YES--subjects YES--direct objects YES--indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as… YES--subjects YES--direct objects YES--indirect objects objects of prepositions predicate nominatives

We said that NOUNS function as… YES--subjects YES--direct objects YES--indirect objects YES--objects of prepositions predicate nominatives

We said that NOUNS function as… YES--subjects YES--direct objects YES--indirect objects YES--objects of prepositions NO!!--predicate nominatives

NOUNS Where is this “Predicate Nominative” category on my handy dandy chart? Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep.

NOUNS Where is this “Predicate Nominative” category on my handy dandy chart? Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. NO

NOUNS Here’s the problem…

NOUNS NO All the sentences we’ve seen SO FAR Subject Action Verb
Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. NO

NOUNS NO All the sentences we’ve seen SO FAR have had something called
Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. NO

NOUNS NO ACTION verbs. All the sentences we’ve seen SO FAR
have had something called Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. NO ACTION verbs.

NOUNS NO ACTION verbs. See? All the sentences we’ve seen SO FAR
have had something called Subject Action Verb Indirect object Direct object Preposi-tion Object of prep. NO ACTION verbs. See?

ACTION VERBS

ACTION VERBS works

ACTION VERBS works sees

ACTION VERBS works sees gives

ACTION VERBS works sees gives blows

ACTION VERBS works sees gives blows dance

ACTION VERBS works sees gives blows dance The subject is DOING something in the sentences that contained these verbs.

ACTION VERBS works sees gives blows dance The subject is DOING something in the sentences that contained these verbs. (Look back at the examples we’ve seen so far.)

ACTION VERBS ACTION VERBS: Verbs where the subject is performing a task.

ACTION VERBS ACTION VERBS are divided into different categories.
There are 2 questions you ask yourself about each verb:

ACTION VERBS 1) Can I SEE this action or not?

ACTION VERBS 2) Is the action being transferred from one NOUN to another NOUN?

ACTION VERBS works sees gives blows dance

ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs: works sees gives
blows dance 1st Classification of Action Verbs:

ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs: a) Visible works sees
gives blows dance 1st Classification of Action Verbs: a) Visible

ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs: a) Visible OR
works sees gives blows dance 1st Classification of Action Verbs: a) Visible OR b) Mental

ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs:
works sees gives blows dance 1st Classification of Action Verbs: We can OBSERVE the subject doing all these verbs.

ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs: a) Visible b) Mental
works sees gives blows dance 1st Classification of Action Verbs: a) Visible b) Mental We can SEE someone doing these things.

ACTION VERBS Cinderella dreams about the Prince.

ACTION VERBS Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.

ACTION VERBS Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. The Prince loves Cinderella with his heart.

ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. The Prince loves Cinderella with his heart. These verbs can’t be observed.

ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed. dreams
Cinderella dreams about the Prince. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. The Prince loves Cinderella with his heart. These verbs can’t be observed. dreams

ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows
Cinderella dreams about the Prince. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. The Prince loves Cinderella with his heart. These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows

ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves
Cinderella dreams about the Prince. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. The Prince loves Cinderella with his heart. These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves

These verbs are ACTIONS, These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves

These verbs are ACTIONS, but since we CAN’T OBSERVE THEM These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves

These verbs are ACTIONS, but since we CAN’T OBSERVE THEM because they take place in someone’s MIND, These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves

These verbs are ACTIONS, but since we CAN’T OBSERVE THEM because they take place in someone’s MIND, they are called “mental”! These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves

VISIBLE: the action can be SEEN.

VISIBLE: the action can be SEEN. 2) MENTAL: the action CAN’T be seen.

ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs:

ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive

ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive
b) Intransitive

b) Intransitive What other words come to mind when you hear the word “transitive”?

b) Intransitive “Transport,” maybe?

b) Intransitive Moving something from 1 place to another?

ACTION VERBS These sentences have TRANSITIVE Action Verbs:

ACTION VERBS These sentences have TRANSITIVE Action Verbs:
The Prince sees Cinderella.

The Prince sees Cinderella. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.

The Prince sees Cinderella. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.

ACTION VERBS These sentences have INTRANSITIVE Action Verbs:

ACTION VERBS These sentences have INTRANSITIVE Action Verbs:
Cinderella works.

Cinderella works. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.

Cinderella works. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Cinderella dreams about the Prince.

8. ACTION VERBS Transitive Intransitive The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. Cinderella works. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Cinderella dreams about the Prince.

ACTION VERBS What is the difference? Transitive Intransitive
The Prince sees Cinderella. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. Cinderella works. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Cinderella dreams about the Prince. What is the difference?

The Prince sees Cinderella. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. Cinderella works. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Cinderella dreams about the Prince. direct objects What is the difference?

The Prince sees Cinderella. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. Cinderella works. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Cinderella dreams about the Prince. direct objects direct objects? What is the difference?

ACTION VERBS What is the difference? NOPE No DIR OB here! Transitive
Intransitive The Prince sees Cinderella. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. Cinderella works. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Cinderella dreams about the Prince. direct objects direct objects? NOPE No DIR OB here! What is the difference?

Remember I said “transitive” makes me think of “transport”?
ACTION VERBS Transitive Intransitive The Prince sees Cinderella. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. Cinderella works. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Cinderella dreams about the Prince. direct objects direct objects? Remember I said “transitive” makes me think of “transport”?

What is being “transported” in the sentences on the left?...
ACTION VERBS Transitive Intransitive The Prince sees Cinderella. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. Cinderella works. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night. Cinderella dreams about the Prince. direct objects direct objects? What is being “transported” in the sentences on the left?...

ACTION VERBS The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.

ACTION VERBS The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. In THESE sentences, the action (VERB) is being “transported”

9. ACTION VERBS The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile. The Prince knows the other girls at the ball. In THESE sentences, the action (VERB) is being “transported” from the SUBJECT to the DIRECT OBJECT.

b) Intransitive The EASY way to know if a verb is “transitive” or not is to see if it has a DIRECT OBJECT.

b) Intransitive The relationship is EXCLUSIVE.

b) Intransitive IF the sentence has a direct object,

b) Intransitive IF the sentence has a direct object, THEN the verb IS “transitive.”

b) Intransitive It’s a done deal.

ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs:
TRANSITIVE: the action is moved from the SUBJECT to a DIRECT OBJECT.

ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: TRANSITIVE:
If there is NO DIRECT OBJECT, then there is NO TRANSFER of the action.

ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs:
2) INTRANSITIVE: The action stays with the SUBJECT because there is NO DIRECT OBJECT for it to move to.

ACTION VERBS **HELPFUL HINT:
Remember to watch out for those pesky PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES. OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS CAN’T be DIRECT OBJECTS!

But what about “predicate nominatives”? YES--subjects YES--direct objects YES--indirect objects YES--objects of prepositions NO!!--predicate nominatives

NOUNS YES--subjects We STILL haven’t seen them! YES--direct objects
But what about “predicate nominatives”? YES--subjects YES--direct objects YES--indirect objects YES--objects of prepositions NO!!--predicate nominatives We STILL haven’t seen them!

NOUNS Predicate nominative NOUNS DO exist.

NOUNS Predicate nominative NOUNS DO exist. But they don’t exist with
ACTION VERBS.

NOUNS Predicate nominative NOUNS DO exist. But they don’t exist with
ACTION VERBS. They exist only with LINKING VERBS.

NOUNS Here are some sentences that contain PREDICATE NOMINATIVES.

NOUNS Here are some sentences that contain PREDICATE NOMINATIVES.
Cinderella is a girl.

Cinderella is a girl. The Prince is a boy.

Cinderella is a girl. The Prince is a boy. The Prince is the ruler.

Cinderella is a girl. The Prince is a boy. The Prince is the ruler. Cinderella is a servant in her own home.

LINKING VERBS The most common linking verb is a form of “to be.”

LINKING VERBS The most common linking verb is a form of “to be.”
I am You are He/She/It is We are They are

LINKING VERBS Think of a LINKING VERB as an equal sign in a math equation.

LINKING VERBS Cinderella = a girl.
Think of a LINKING VERB as an equal sign in a math equation. Cinderella = a girl.

LINKING VERBS Cinderella = a girl. The Prince = a boy.
Think of a LINKING VERB as an equal sign in a math equation. Cinderella = a girl. The Prince = a boy.

Think of a LINKING VERB as an equal sign in a math equation. Cinderella = a girl. The Prince = a boy. The Prince = the ruler.

Think of a LINKING VERB as an equal sign in a math equation. Cinderella = a girl. The Prince = a boy. The Prince = the ruler. Cinderella = a servant in her own home.

10. NOUNS Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy.
Anything that comes after the verb is in the PREDICATE (2nd half of the sentence). Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy. The Prince IS the ruler. Cinderella IS a servant in her own home.

NOUNS Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy.
But these NOUNS aren’t receiving the action of the subjects… Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy. The Prince IS the ruler. Cinderella IS a servant in her own home.

…instead, they ARE the subjects! Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy. The Prince IS the ruler. Cinderella IS a servant in her own home.

…instead, they ARE the subjects! Well, sort of. Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy. The Prince IS the ruler. Cinderella IS a servant in her own home.

PREDICATE NOMINATIVE = a noun in the predicate that RE-NAMES the subject. Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy. The Prince IS the ruler. Cinderella IS a servant in her own home.

LINKING VERBS LINKING VERBS: Verbs that are NOT actions.
LINKING VERBS basically just say the subject exists. They are like equal signs. The subject = something else.

LINKING VERBS The most common linking verb is a form of “to be.”
I am You are He/She/It is We are They are

NOUNS PREDICATE NOMINATIVE = a noun in the predicate that RE-NAMES the subject.

NOUNS 11) Cinderella is a girl.

NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep.

NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. What is the verb? Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. What is the verb?

NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. What is the verb? Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. is What is the verb?

NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. Who or what is doing the verb?
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. is Who or what is doing the verb? In this case, who or what exists?

NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. Who or what is doing the verb?
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is Who or what is doing the verb? In this case, who or what exists?

NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. What ELSE is she? Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is What ELSE is she?

NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. What ELSE is she? She is “a girl”… Subject
Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is What ELSE is she? She is “a girl”…

Is “girl” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?
NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is Is “girl” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?

NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is Is “girl” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE? It’s a NOUN.

NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is a girl Is “girl” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE? It’s a NOUN.

NOUNS 12) Cinderella is a servant in her own home.

NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep.

NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. What is the verb?
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. What is the verb?

NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. What is the verb?
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. is What is the verb?

NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home.
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. is Who or what is doing the verb? In this case, who or what exists?

NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home.
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is Who or what is doing the verb? In this case, who or what exists?

NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. What ELSE is she?
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is What ELSE is she?

NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. What ELSE is?
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is What ELSE is? She is “a servant”…

Is “servant” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?
NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is Is “servant” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?

NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. It’s a NOUN. Subject
Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is It’s a NOUN.

NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. “Servant” is the
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is a servant “Servant” is the PREDICATE NOMINATIVE.

Um… what’s “in her own home”?
NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is a servant Um… what’s “in her own home”?

It’s a sneaky PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE again.
NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. Cindy is a servant in her own home It’s a sneaky PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE again.

NOUNS 13) The Prince feels lonely.

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. What is the verb? Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. What is the verb?

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. What is the verb? Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels What is the verb?

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. STOP! What is the verb? Subject
Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels What is the verb?

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely.
STOP! Why aren’t we using the ACTION VERB CHART? Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels What is the verb?

STOP! Why aren’t we using the ACTION VERB CHART? Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels “Feels” is an ACTION VERB, isn’t it?

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. No. “Feels” is a LINKING VERB… Subject
Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. No. “Feels” is a LINKING VERB…
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels …THIS TIME!

Test it by replacing the verb with a form of “to be.” Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels

NOUNS The Prince IS lonely. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels

NOUNS The Prince IS lonely.
If the meaning of the sentence is unchanged, Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels

NOUNS The Prince IS lonely.
If the meaning of the sentence is unchanged, Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels Then you know you’re dealing with a LINKING VERB—not ACTION.

LINKING VERBS The LINKING VERB Test:
Replace the VERB with “is” or “are.” If the MEANING of the sentence is unchanged, then the verb is acting like an equal sign– it’s a LINKING VERB.

**For Example** The soup tastes salty. The chef tastes the soup.

Is “taste” an ACTION VERB or a LINKING VERB?

LINKING VERB TEST: Replace the verb with “is.”

LINKING VERB TEST: If the meaning of the sentence is unchanged,

LINKING VERB TEST: If the meaning of the sentence is unchanged, then it’s a LINKING VERB.

**For Example** The soup IS salty. The chef IS the soup.

**For Example** The soup IS salty.—Linking Verb!
The chef IS the soup.—Action Verb!

NOUNS 13) The Prince feels lonely.

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. Who is doing the “feeling”? Subject
Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. feels Who is doing the “feeling”?

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. Who is doing the “feeling”? Subject
Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels Who is doing the “feeling”?

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. What ELSE is the Prince? Subject
Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels What ELSE is the Prince?

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. What ELSE is the Prince?--lonely
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels What ELSE is the Prince?--lonely

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. Is “lonely” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels Is “lonely” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. “Lonely” is an ADJECTIVE. Subject
Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. “Lonely” is an ADJECTIVE.
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels It describes the lonely Prince.

NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. “Lonely” is an ADJECTIVE.
Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels It describes the lonely Prince. Poor Prince.

NOUNS The Prince = lonely. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels lonely

NOUNS The Prince = lonely.
You have just been introduced to the PREDICATE ADJECTIVE. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels lonely

You have just been introduced to the PREDICATE ADJECTIVE. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels lonely It is an adjective that describes the subject--

You have now been introduced to the PREDICATE ADJECTIVE. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective Predicate Nominative Preposi-tion Object of prep. The Prince feels lonely It is an adjective that describes the subject—but it’s after the linking verb.

LINKING VERBS PREDICATE ADJECTIVE= the adjective that comes after a linking verb that describes the subject.

That’s enough information to get you started!

The jobs of: NOUNS and VERBS

The jobs of: NOUNS and VERBS.

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The jobs of: NOUNS and VERBS.

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