1. The jobs of:
NOUNS
and
VERBS

2. NOUNS

3. NOUNS
people

4. NOUNS
people
places

5. NOUNS
people
places
things

6. NOUNS
people
places
things
ideas

7. NOUNS

8. NOUNS
Cinderella

9. NOUNS
Cinderella

10. NOUNS
Cinderella
the Prince

11. NOUNS
PEOPLE!
Cinderella
the Prince

12. NOUNS
PEOPLE!
Cinderella
the Prince

13. NOUNS
PEOPLE!
Cinderella
the Prince

14. NOUNS
CAN FUNCTION AS…

15. NOUNS
CAN FUNCTION AS…
subjects

16. NOUNS
CAN FUNCTION AS…
subjects
direct objects

17. NOUNS
CAN FUNCTION AS…
subjects
direct objects
indirect objects

18. NOUNS CAN FUNCTION AS… subjects direct objects indirect objects
objects of prepositions

19. NOUNS CAN FUNCTION AS… subjects direct objects indirect objects
objects of prepositions
predicate nominatives

20. NOUNS
STOP!

21. NOUNS
Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN?

22. NOUNS
Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN?
What do you mean by

23. NOUNS
Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN?
What do you mean by
SUBJECT

24. NOUNS Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN? What do you mean by
SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT

25. NOUNS Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN? What do you mean by
SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT
INDIRECT OBJECT

26. NOUNS Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN? What do you mean by
SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT
INDIRECT OBJECT
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION

27. NOUNS Isn’t a NOUN just a NOUN? What do you mean by
SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT
INDIRECT OBJECT
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
and
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE?

28. NOUNS
It’s easy.

29. NOUNS
It’s easy.
Think of a
baseball team.

30. NOUNS
Who is on a
baseball team?

31. NOUNS
a bunch of players

32. But each player has a specific job.
NOUNS
But each player has a specific job.

33. But each player has a specific job.
NOUNS
pitcher
shortstop
3rd baseman
left fielder st baseman
catcher
But each player has a specific job.

34. But each player has a specific job.
NOUNS
pitcher
shortstop
3rd baseman
left fielder st baseman
catcher
But each player has a specific job.

35. But each player has a specific job.
NOUNS
pitcher
shortstop
3rd baseman
left fielder st baseman
catcher
But each player has a specific job.

36. But each player has a specific job.
NOUNS
pitcher
shortstop
3rd baseman
left fielder st baseman
catcher
But each player has a specific job.

37. But each player has a specific job.
NOUNS
pitcher
shortstop
3rd baseman
left fielder st baseman
catcher
But each player has a specific job.

38. But each player has a specific job.
NOUNS
pitcher
shortstop
3rd baseman
left fielder st baseman
catcher
But each player has a specific job.

39. NOUNS
They are ALL players.

40. NOUNS
They are ALL players.
But each one does his own job.

41. NOUNS
The nouns in a sentence are ALL nouns…

42. NOUNS
The nouns in a sentence are ALL nouns…
but they each have a specific job.

43. NOUNS
So let’s see it again:

44. NOUNS
CAN FUNCTION AS…

45. NOUNS
CAN FUNCTION AS…
subjects

46. NOUNS
CAN FUNCTION AS…
subjects
direct objects

47. NOUNS
CAN FUNCTION AS…
subjects
direct objects
indirect objects

48. NOUNS CAN FUNCTION AS… subjects direct objects indirect objects
objects of prepositions

49. NOUNS CAN FUNCTION AS… subjects direct objects indirect objects
objects of prepositions
predicate nominatives

50. NOUNS
Let’s break open some sentences to see these nouns (and other words) do their jobs.

51. NOUNS
1) Cinderella works.

52. NOUNS Cinderella works. Subject Action Verb Indirect object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.

53. NOUNS Cinderella works. Find the verb first! Subject Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.

54. NOUNS Cinderella works. Find the verb first! Subject Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
works

55. NOUNS Cinderella works. Who is DOING the verb? Subject Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
works

56. NOUNS Cinderella works. Who is DOING the verb? Subject Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
works

57. NOUNS Cinderella works. SUBJECT!! Subject Action Verb Indirect object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
works

58. NOUNS Cinderella works. SUBJECT!!
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
works
“Cinderella” is who the sentence is about.

59. NOUNS
SUBJECT:

60. NOUNS
SUBJECT:
The NOUN in a sentence that is performing the verb.

61. **CLARIFICATION**

62. **CLARIFICATION**
Throughout this lecture, I will describe the different jobs of NOUNS.

63. **CLARIFICATION**
Throughout this lecture, I will describe the different jobs of NOUNS.
NOTE: PRONOUNS also do the same jobs as NOUNS; so anytime I say NOUN, I mean PRONOUN, too.

64. **For Example**
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

65. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the SUBJECT,

66. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the SUBJECT,
Ask yourself: “What’s the verb?”

67. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the SUBJECT,
Ask yourself: “What’s the verb?”
Then ask: “Who or what is doing the verb?”

68. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the VERB.

69. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the VERB.

70. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the VERB.
Underline (and label) the
SUBJECT.

71. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the VERB.
Underline (and label) the
SUBJECT.

72. NOUNS
2)The Prince sees Cinderella!

73. NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. What’s the verb? Subject Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
What’s the verb?

74. NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
sees

75. NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. Who’s doing the “seeing”? Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
sees
Who’s doing the “seeing”?

76. NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sees

77. NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. WHO or WHAT is he “seeing”? Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sees
WHO or WHAT is he “seeing”?

78. NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. Subject Action Verb Indirect object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sees
Cindy

79. NOUNS The Prince sees Cinderella. Cinderella is the DIRECT OBJECT.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sees
Cindy
Cinderella is the DIRECT OBJECT.

80. NOUNS
DIRECT OBJECT:

81. NOUNS
DIRECT OBJECT:
The NOUN in a sentence that is receiving the action of the verb.

82. **For Example**
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

83. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the DIRECT OBJECT:

84. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the DIRECT OBJECT:
Ask: “What is the VERB?”

85. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the DIRECT OBJECT:
Ask: “What is the VERB?”
Ask: “Who or what is DOING the verb?” That’s the SUBJECT.

86. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the DIRECT OBJECT:
Ask: “What is the VERB?”
Ask: “Who or what is DOING the verb?” That’s the SUBJECT.
3) Ask: “What is RECEIVING THE
ACTION of the verb?
That’s the DIRECT OBJECT!

87. **For Example**
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

88. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the VERB.

89. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the VERB.

90. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the VERB.
Underline the SUBJECT.

91. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the VERB.
Underline the SUBJECT.

92. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the VERB.
Underline the SUBJECT.
Underline the DIRECT OBJECT.

93. **For Example**
SUB
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
STOP!!

94. **CLARIFICATION**
Did you think “Cinderella” was the DIRECT OBJECT?

95. **CLARIFICATION**
Don’t feel bad if you did.

96. **CLARIFICATION**
But it’s not.

97. **CLARIFICATION**
Watch this.

98. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

99. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

100. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

101. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

102. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
The “shoe” is the
direct object!!

103. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
Here’s why it’s “shoe”:

104. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
We know “gives” is the verb.

105. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
We know “the Prince” is doing the “giving.”

106. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
Then we ask: “WHAT is being ‘given’?”

107. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
Is “Cinderella” being “given”?

108. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
NO!
The “SHOE” is being “given.”

109. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
The “shoe” is DIRECTLY RECEIVING THE ACTION OF THE VERB: “to give.”

110. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
Make sure you underline
and label “shoe” AND
that you draw an arrow
from the Prince to shoe.

111. Let’s move on.

112. (Shake it off, everybody.)
Let’s move on.
(Shake it off, everybody.)

113. NOUNS
3) Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.

114. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
What’s the verb?

115. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
gives
What’s the verb?

116. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
gives
Who is doing the “giving”?

117. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
Who is doing the “giving”?

118. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
What is being “given”?

119. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile
What is being “given”?

120. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile
To WHOM is the “smile” being “given”?

121. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
the Prince
a smile
To WHOM is the “smile” being “given”?

122. Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
the Prince
a smile
“The Prince” is the INDIRECT OBJECT!

123. NOUNS **NOTE! You can’t have an INDIRECT OBJECT…
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
the Prince
a smile
…unless you have a DIRECT OBJECT!

124. NOUNS
INDIRECT OBJECT:

125. NOUNS
INDIRECT OBJECT:
The NOUN in a sentence that is receiving the
DIRECT OBJECT.

126. NOUNS
**A sentence CAN’T have an INDIRECT OBJECT unless it has a DIRECT OBJECT!

127. **For Example**
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

128. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the INDIRECT OBJECT:

129. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the INDIRECT OBJECT:
Ask: “What is the VERB?”

130. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the INDIRECT OBJECT:
Ask: “What is the VERB?”
Ask: “Who or what is DOING the verb?” That’s the SUBJECT.

131. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the INDIRECT OBJECT:
Ask: “What is the VERB?”
Ask: “Who or what is DOING the verb?” That’s the SUBJECT.
3) Ask: “What is RECEIVING THE
ACTION of the verb? = DIR OB!

132. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the INDIRECT OBJECT:
Ask: “What is the VERB?”
Ask: “Who or what is DOING the verb?” That’s the SUBJECT.
3) Ask: “What is RECEIVING THE
ACTION of the verb? = DIR OB!
4) Ask: “Who is receiving the direct object?” That’s the Ind. Ob.!

133. **For Example**
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

134. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.

135. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.

136. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.
Underline and label the SUB.

137. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.
Underline and label the SUB.

138. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.
Underline and label the SUB.
Underline and label the DirOb.

139. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.
Underline and label the SUB.
Underline and label the DirOb.

140. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.
Underline and label the SUB.
Underline and label the DirOb.
Draw an arrow between them.

141. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.
Underline and label the SUB.
Underline and label the DirOb.
Draw an arrow between them.

142. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.
Underline and label the SUB.
Underline and label the DirOb.
Draw an arrow between them.
Underline and label the IndOb.

143. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
IndOb
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.
Underline and label the SUB.
Underline and label the DirOb.
Draw an arrow between them.
Underline and label the IndOb.

144. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
IndOb
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.
Underline and label the SUB.
Underline and label the DirOb.
Draw an arrow between them.
Underline and label the IndOb.
Draw an arrow from the DirOb to the IndOb.

145. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
SUB
IndOb
DirOb
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the Verb.
Underline and label the SUB.
Underline and label the DirOb.
Draw an arrow between them.
Underline and label the IndOb.
Draw an arrow from the DirOb to the IndOb.

146. NOUNS
4) Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.

147. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
What’s the verb?

148. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
gives
What’s the verb?

149. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
gives
Who is doing the “giving”?

150. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
Who is doing the “giving”?

151. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
What is being “given”?

152. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile
What is being “given”?

153. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile
What is the INDIRECT OBJECT?

154. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
We WANT to say “the Prince” is the I.O.,…
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile

155. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
We WANT to say “the Prince” is the I.O.,…
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile
…but we CAN’T say that!! Why?

156. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
“The Prince” ISN’T the I.O. because…
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile

157. NOUNS “The Prince” ISN’T the I.O. because…
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile
…”the Prince” is stuck in a prepositional phrase.

158. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile
Stay alert!

159. Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
NOUNS
Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile to
the Prince
Stay alert!

160. NOUNS Cinderella gives a smile to the Prince.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy
gives
a smile to
the Prince
This sentence has NO indirect object.

161. NOUNS
OBJECT of
PREPOSITION:

162. NOUNS OBJECT of PREPOSITION:
A NOUN in a prepositional phrase. These phrases START with a preposition and END with a noun.

163. **For Example**
The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.

164. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION:

165. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
To find the OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION:
1) Look for little words like: to, by, for, in, on, after, about, …

166. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
2) See if a NOUN is right after that little word.

167. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
2) See if a NOUN is right after that little word.
If so, it’s probably a PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE.

168. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the entire PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE in this sentence.

169. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
CIRCLE the entire PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE in this sentence.

170. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
What is the OBJECT
of this prepositional phrase?

171. **For Example** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
“Ball” is the OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION.

172. **CLARIFICATION** The Prince gives Cinderella a shoe after the ball.
Don’t get tricked by infinitive verbs:
“to SING,” “to DANCE.”

173. **CLARIFICATION**
Cinderella likes to dance.

174. **CLARIFICATION** Cinderella likes to dance.
There is NO prepositional phrase in this sentence.

175. **CLARIFICATION** Cinderella likes to dance.
“To dance” is an infinitive VERB phrase, not a
prepositional phrase.

176. **CLARIFICATION** Cinderella likes to dance.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES end in NOUNS, not verbs!

177. NOUNS
5) The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.

178. The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
NOUNS
The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
What’s the verb?

179. The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
NOUNS
The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
sends
What’s the verb?

180. The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
NOUNS
The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
sends
Who is doing the verb?

181. The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
NOUNS
The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
Who is doing the verb?

182. The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
NOUNS
The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
What is receiving the action of the verb?

183. The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
NOUNS
The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
a kiss
What is receiving the action of the verb?

184. The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
NOUNS
The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
a kiss
WHO is receiving the direct object?

185. The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
NOUNS
The Prince sends Cinderella a kiss.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
Cindy
a kiss
WHO is receiving the direct object?

186. NOUNS
6) The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.

187. The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS
The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
What’s the verb?

188. The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS
The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
sends
What’s the verb?

189. The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS
The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
sends
Who is doing the verb?

190. The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS
The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
Who is doing the verb?

191. The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS
The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
What is receiving the action of the verb?

192. The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS
The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
a kiss
What is receiving the action of the verb?

193. The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS
The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
a kiss
WHO is the INDIRECT OBJECT?

194. The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS
The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
a kiss
Do you see it this time? Tricked again?

195. The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS
The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
a kiss
Do you see it this time? Tricked again?

196. The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
NOUNS
The Prince sends a kiss to Cinderella.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
sends
a kiss to
Cindy
No, you’re not tricked.
Cindy is stuck in a prepositional phrase!

197. NOUNS
7) Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.

198. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
NOUNS
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
What’s the verb?

199. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
NOUNS
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
dance
What’s the verb?

200. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
NOUNS
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
dance
Who is doing the dancing?

201. NOUNS Whoa! A COMPOUND subject.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy and the Prince
dance
Whoa! A COMPOUND subject.

202. NOUNS Who or what is receiving the action of the “dancing”?
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy and the Prince
dance
Who or what is receiving the action of the “dancing”?

203. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
NOUNS
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy and the Prince
dance
???

204. NOUNS NOTHING is receiving the action!
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy and the Prince
dance
NOTHING is receiving the action!

205. NOUNS X So there is NO direct object.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy and the Prince
dance X
So there is NO direct object.

206. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
NOUNS
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy and the Prince
dance X
And if there’s NO direct object, it’s IMPOSSIBLE to have an indirect object!!

207. Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
NOUNS
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy and the Prince
dance X
And if there’s NO direct object, it’s IMPOSSIBLE to have an indirect object!!

208. NOUNS X We know that “into the night” is a prepositional phrase.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy and the Prince
dance X
We know that “into the night” is a prepositional phrase.

209. NOUNS X We know that “into the night” is a prepositional phrase.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy and the Prince
dance X
into
the night
We know that “into the night” is a prepositional phrase.

210. The jobs of:
NOUNS
and
VERBS

211. The jobs of:
NOUNS
and
VERBS

212. NOUNS
We said that NOUNS function as…

213. NOUNS
We said that NOUNS function as…
subjects

214. NOUNS
We said that NOUNS function as…
subjects
direct objects

215. NOUNS subjects direct objects indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as…
subjects
direct objects
indirect objects

216. NOUNS subjects direct objects indirect objects objects of prepositions
We said that NOUNS function as…
subjects
direct objects
indirect objects
objects of prepositions

217. NOUNS subjects direct objects indirect objects objects of prepositions
We said that NOUNS function as…
subjects
direct objects
indirect objects
objects of prepositions
predicate nominatives

218. Wait! NOUNS subjects direct objects indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as…
subjects
direct objects
indirect objects
objects of prepositions
predicate nominatives
Wait!

219. NOUNS YES--subjects direct objects indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as…
YES--subjects
direct objects
indirect objects
objects of prepositions
predicate nominatives

220. NOUNS YES--subjects YES--direct objects indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as…
YES--subjects
YES--direct objects
indirect objects
objects of prepositions
predicate nominatives

221. NOUNS YES--subjects YES--direct objects YES--indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as…
YES--subjects
YES--direct objects
YES--indirect objects
objects of prepositions
predicate nominatives

222. NOUNS YES--subjects YES--direct objects YES--indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as…
YES--subjects
YES--direct objects
YES--indirect objects
YES--objects of prepositions
predicate nominatives

223. NOUNS YES--subjects YES--direct objects YES--indirect objects
We said that NOUNS function as…
YES--subjects
YES--direct objects
YES--indirect objects
YES--objects of prepositions
NO!!--predicate nominatives

224. NOUNS
Where is this “Predicate Nominative” category on my handy dandy chart?
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.

225. NOUNS
Where is this “Predicate Nominative” category on my handy dandy chart?
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. NO

226. NOUNS
Where is this “Predicate Nominative” category on my handy dandy chart?
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. NO

227. NOUNS
Where is this “Predicate Nominative” category on my handy dandy chart?
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. NO

228. NOUNS
Where is this “Predicate Nominative” category on my handy dandy chart?
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. NO

229. NOUNS
Where is this “Predicate Nominative” category on my handy dandy chart?
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. NO

230. NOUNS
Where is this “Predicate Nominative” category on my handy dandy chart?
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. NO

231. NOUNS
Here’s the problem…

232. NOUNS NO All the sentences we’ve seen SO FAR Subject Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. NO

233. NOUNS NO All the sentences we’ve seen SO FAR have had something called
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. NO

234. NOUNS NO ACTION verbs. All the sentences we’ve seen SO FAR
have had something called
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. NO
ACTION verbs.

235. NOUNS NO ACTION verbs. See? All the sentences we’ve seen SO FAR
have had something called
Subject
Action Verb
Indirect object
Direct object
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. NO
ACTION verbs. See?

236. ACTION VERBS

237. ACTION VERBS
works

238. ACTION VERBS
works
sees

239. ACTION VERBS
works
sees
gives

240. ACTION VERBS
works
sees
gives
sends

241. ACTION VERBS
works
sees
gives
sends
dance

242. ACTION VERBS
works
sees
gives
sends
dance
The subject is DOING something in the sentences that contained these verbs.

243. ACTION VERBS
works
sees
gives
sends
dance
The subject is DOING something in the sentences that contained these verbs.
(Look back at the examples we’ve seen so far.)

244. ACTION VERBS
ACTION VERBS:

245. ACTION VERBS
ACTION VERBS:
Verbs where the subject is
performing a task.

246. ACTION VERBS
Ask yourself 2
questions about
ACTION VERBS:

247. ACTION VERBS
1) Can I SEE this action or not?

248. ACTION VERBS
2) Is the action being transferred from one NOUN to another NOUN?

249. ACTION VERBS
works
sees
gives
sends
dance

250. ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs: works sees gives
sends
dance
1st Classification of Action Verbs:

251. ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs: a) Visible works sees
gives
sends
dance
1st Classification of Action Verbs:
a) Visible

252. ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs: a) Visible OR
works
sees
gives
sends
dance
1st Classification of Action Verbs:
a) Visible OR
b) Mental

253. ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs:
works
sees
gives
sends
dance
1st Classification of Action Verbs:
We can OBSERVE the subject doing all these verbs.

254. ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs: a) Visible b) Mental
works
sees
gives
sends
dance
1st Classification of Action Verbs:
a) Visible
b) Mental
We can SEE someone doing these things.

255. ACTION VERBS
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.

256. ACTION VERBS Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.

257. ACTION VERBS Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
The Prince loves Cinderella with his heart.

258. ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
The Prince loves Cinderella with his heart.
These verbs can’t be observed.

259. ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed. dreams
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
The Prince loves Cinderella with his heart.
These verbs can’t be observed.
dreams

260. ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
The Prince loves Cinderella with his heart.
These verbs can’t be observed.
dreams
knows

261. ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
The Prince loves Cinderella with his heart.
These verbs can’t be observed.
dreams
knows
loves

262. ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves
These verbs are ACTIONS,
These verbs can’t be observed.
dreams
knows
loves

263. ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves
These verbs are ACTIONS,
but since we CAN’T OBSERVE THEM
These verbs can’t be observed.
dreams
knows
loves

264. ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves
These verbs are ACTIONS,
but since we CAN’T OBSERVE THEM
because they take place in someone’s MIND,
These verbs can’t be observed.
dreams
knows
loves

265. ACTION VERBS These verbs can’t be observed. dreams knows loves
These verbs are ACTIONS,
but since we CAN’T OBSERVE THEM
because they take place in someone’s MIND,
they are called
“mental”!
These verbs can’t be observed.
dreams
knows
loves

266. ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs:
VISIBLE: the action can be SEEN.

267. ACTION VERBS 1st Classification of Action Verbs:
VISIBLE: the action can be SEEN.
2) MENTAL: the action
CAN’T be seen.

268. ACTION VERBS
2nd Classification of Action Verbs:

269. ACTION VERBS
2nd Classification of Action Verbs:
a) Transitive

270. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive
b) Intransitive

271. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive
b) Intransitive
What other words come to mind when you hear the word “transitive”?

272. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive
b) Intransitive
“Transport,” maybe?

273. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive
b) Intransitive
Moving something from 1 place to another?

274. ACTION VERBS
These sentences have TRANSITIVE Action Verbs:

275. ACTION VERBS These sentences have TRANSITIVE Action Verbs:
The Prince sees Cinderella.

276. ACTION VERBS These sentences have TRANSITIVE Action Verbs:
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.

277. ACTION VERBS These sentences have TRANSITIVE Action Verbs:
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.

278. ACTION VERBS
These sentences have INTRANSITIVE Action Verbs:

279. ACTION VERBS These sentences have INTRANSITIVE Action Verbs:
Cinderella works.

280. ACTION VERBS These sentences have INTRANSITIVE Action Verbs:
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.

281. ACTION VERBS These sentences have INTRANSITIVE Action Verbs:
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.

282. 8. ACTION VERBS Transitive Intransitive The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.

283. ACTION VERBS What is the difference? Transitive Intransitive
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
What is the difference?

284. ACTION VERBS What is the difference? Transitive Intransitive
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
direct objects
What is the difference?

285. ACTION VERBS What is the difference? Transitive Intransitive
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
direct objects
What is the difference?

286. ACTION VERBS What is the difference? Transitive Intransitive
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
direct objects
What is the difference?

287. ACTION VERBS What is the difference? Transitive Intransitive
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
direct objects
What is the difference?

288. ACTION VERBS What is the difference? Transitive Intransitive
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
direct objects
direct objects?
What is the difference?

289. ACTION VERBS What is the difference? NOPE No DIR OB here! Transitive
Intransitive
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
direct objects
direct objects?
NOPE
No DIR OB here!
What is the difference?

290. Remember I said “transitive” makes me think of “transport”?
ACTION VERBS
Transitive
Intransitive
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
direct objects
direct objects?
Remember I said “transitive” makes me think of “transport”?

291. What is being “transported” in the sentences on the left?...
ACTION VERBS
Transitive
Intransitive
The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
Cinderella works.
Cindy and the Prince dance into the night.
Cinderella dreams about the Prince.
direct objects
direct objects?
What is being “transported” in the sentences on the left?...

292. ACTION VERBS The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.

293. ACTION VERBS The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
In THESE sentences, the action (VERB) is being “transported”

294. 9. ACTION VERBS The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
In THESE sentences, the action (VERB) is being “transported” from the SUBJECT to the DIRECT OBJECT.

295. 9. ACTION VERBS The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
In THESE sentences, the action (VERB) is being “transported” from the SUBJECT to the DIRECT OBJECT.

296. 9. ACTION VERBS The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
In THESE sentences, the action (VERB) is being “transported” from the SUBJECT to the DIRECT OBJECT.

297. 9. ACTION VERBS The Prince sees Cinderella.
Cinderella gives the Prince a smile.
The Prince knows the other girls at the ball.
In THESE sentences, the action (VERB) is being “transported” from the SUBJECT to the DIRECT OBJECT.

298. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive
b) Intransitive
The EASY way to know if a verb is “transitive” or not is to see if it has a DIRECT OBJECT.

299. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive
b) Intransitive
The relationship is EXCLUSIVE.

300. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive
b) Intransitive
IF the sentence has a direct object,

301. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive
b) Intransitive
IF the sentence has a direct object, THEN the verb IS “transitive.”

302. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: a) Transitive
b) Intransitive
It’s a done deal.

303. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs:
TRANSITIVE: the action is moved from the SUBJECT to a DIRECT OBJECT.

304. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs: TRANSITIVE:
If there is NO DIRECT OBJECT, then there is NO TRANSFER of the action.

305. ACTION VERBS 2nd Classification of Action Verbs:
2) INTRANSITIVE: The action stays with the SUBJECT because there is NO DIRECT OBJECT for it to move to.

306. ACTION VERBS **HELPFUL HINT:
Remember to watch out for those pesky PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES.
OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS CAN’T be DIRECT OBJECTS!

307. NOUNS YES--subjects YES--direct objects YES--indirect objects
But what about “predicate nominatives”?
YES--subjects
YES--direct objects
YES--indirect objects
YES--objects of prepositions
NO!!--predicate nominatives

308. NOUNS YES--subjects We STILL haven’t seen them! YES--direct objects
But what about “predicate nominatives”?
YES--subjects
YES--direct objects
YES--indirect objects
YES--objects of prepositions
NO!!--predicate nominatives
We STILL haven’t seen them!

309. NOUNS
Predicate nominative NOUNS DO exist.

310. NOUNS Predicate nominative NOUNS DO exist. But they don’t exist with
ACTION VERBS.

311. NOUNS Predicate nominative NOUNS DO exist. But they don’t exist with
ACTION VERBS.
They exist only with LINKING VERBS.

312. NOUNS
Here are some sentences that contain PREDICATE NOMINATIVES.

313. NOUNS Here are some sentences that contain PREDICATE NOMINATIVES.
Cinderella is a girl.

314. NOUNS Here are some sentences that contain PREDICATE NOMINATIVES.
Cinderella is a girl.
The Prince is a boy.

315. NOUNS Here are some sentences that contain PREDICATE NOMINATIVES.
Cinderella is a girl.
The Prince is a boy.
The Prince is the ruler.

316. NOUNS Here are some sentences that contain PREDICATE NOMINATIVES.
Cinderella is a girl.
The Prince is a boy.
The Prince is the ruler.
Cinderella is a servant in her own home.

317. LINKING VERBS
The most common linking verb is a form of “to be.”

318. LINKING VERBS The most common linking verb is a form of “to be.”
I am You are He/She/It is
We are They are

319. LINKING VERBS
Think of a LINKING VERB as an equal sign in a math equation.

320. LINKING VERBS Cinderella = a girl.
Think of a LINKING VERB as an equal sign in a math equation.
Cinderella = a girl.

321. LINKING VERBS Cinderella = a girl. The Prince = a boy.
Think of a LINKING VERB as an equal sign in a math equation.
Cinderella = a girl.
The Prince = a boy.

322. LINKING VERBS Cinderella = a girl. The Prince = a boy.
Think of a LINKING VERB as an equal sign in a math equation.
Cinderella = a girl.
The Prince = a boy.
The Prince = the ruler.

323. LINKING VERBS Cinderella = a girl. The Prince = a boy.
Think of a LINKING VERB as an equal sign in a math equation.
Cinderella = a girl.
The Prince = a boy.
The Prince = the ruler.
Cinderella = a servant in her own home.

324. 10. NOUNS Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy.
Anything that comes after the verb is in the PREDICATE (2nd half of the sentence).
Cinderella IS a girl.
The Prince IS a boy.
The Prince IS the ruler.
Cinderella IS a servant in her own home.

325. NOUNS Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy.
But these NOUNS aren’t receiving the action of the subjects…
Cinderella IS a girl.
The Prince IS a boy.
The Prince IS the ruler.
Cinderella IS a servant in her own home.

326. NOUNS Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy.
…instead, they ARE the subjects!
Cinderella IS a girl.
The Prince IS a boy.
The Prince IS the ruler.
Cinderella IS a servant in her own home.

327. NOUNS Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy.
…instead, they ARE the subjects!
Well, sort of.
Cinderella IS a girl.
The Prince IS a boy.
The Prince IS the ruler.
Cinderella IS a servant in her own home.

328. NOUNS Cinderella IS a girl. The Prince IS a boy.
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE = a noun in the predicate that RE-NAMES the subject.
Cinderella IS a girl.
The Prince IS a boy.
The Prince IS the ruler.
Cinderella IS a servant in her own home.

329. LINKING VERBS
LINKING VERBS:

330. LINKING VERBS
LINKING VERBS:
Verbs that are NOT actions.

331. LINKING VERBS LINKING VERBS: Verbs that are NOT actions.
LINKING VERBS basically just say the subject exists.

332. LINKING VERBS LINKING VERBS: Verbs that are NOT actions.
LINKING VERBS basically just say the subject exists.
They are like equal signs.
The subject = something else.

333. LINKING VERBS The most common linking verb is a form of “to be.”
I am You are He/She/It is
We are They are

334. NOUNS
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE =

335. NOUNS
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE = a noun in the predicate that RE-NAMES the subject.

336. NOUNS
11) Cinderella
is a girl.

337. NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.

338. NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. What is the verb? Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
What is the verb?

339. NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. What is the verb? Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. is
What is the verb?

340. NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. Who or what is doing the verb?
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. is
Who or what is doing the verb?
In this case, who or what exists?

341. NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. Who or what is doing the verb?
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
Who or what is doing the verb?
In this case, who or what exists?

342. NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. What ELSE is she? Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
What ELSE is she?

343. NOUNS Cinderella is a girl. What ELSE is she? She is “a girl”… Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
What ELSE is she?
She is “a girl”…

344. Is “girl” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?
NOUNS
Cinderella is a girl.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
Is “girl” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?

345. Is “girl” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?
NOUNS
Cinderella is a girl.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
Is “girl” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?
It’s a NOUN.

346. Is “girl” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?
NOUNS
Cinderella is a girl.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
a girl
Is “girl” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?
It’s a NOUN.

347. NOUNS
12) Cinderella is a servant in her own home.

348. NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.

349. NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. What is the verb?
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
What is the verb?

350. NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. What is the verb?
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. is
What is the verb?

351. NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep. is
Who or what is doing the verb?
In this case, who or what exists?

352. NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
Who or what is doing the verb?
In this case, who or what exists?

353. NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. What ELSE is she?
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
What ELSE is she?

354. NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. What ELSE is?
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
What ELSE is?
She is “a servant”…

355. Is “servant” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?
NOUNS
Cinderella is a servant in her own home.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
Is “servant” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?

356. NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. It’s a NOUN. Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
It’s a NOUN.

357. NOUNS Cinderella is a servant in her own home. “Servant” is the
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
a servant
“Servant” is the
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE.

358. Um… what’s “in her own home”?
NOUNS
Cinderella is a servant in her own home.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
a servant
Um… what’s “in her own home”?

359. It’s a sneaky PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE again.
NOUNS
Cinderella is a servant in her own home.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
Cindy is
a servant in
her own home
It’s a sneaky PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE again.

360. NOUNS
13) The Prince
feels lonely.

361. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. What is the verb? Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
What is the verb?

362. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. What is the verb? Subject Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels
What is the verb?

363. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. STOP! What is the verb? Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels
What is the verb?

364. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely.
STOP! Why aren’t we using the ACTION VERB CHART?
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels
What is the verb?

365. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely.
STOP! Why aren’t we using the ACTION VERB CHART?
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels
“Feels” is an ACTION VERB, isn’t it?

366. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. No. “Feels” is a LINKING VERB… Subject
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels

367. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. No. “Feels” is a LINKING VERB…
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels
…THIS TIME!

368. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely.
Test it by replacing the verb with a form of “to be.”
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels

369. NOUNS The Prince IS lonely. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels

370. NOUNS The Prince IS lonely.
If the meaning of the sentence is unchanged,
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels

371. NOUNS The Prince IS lonely.
If the meaning of the sentence is unchanged,
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels
Then you know you’re dealing with a LINKING VERB—not ACTION.

372. LINKING VERBS
The LINKING VERB Test:

373. LINKING VERBS The LINKING VERB Test:
Replace the VERB with “is” or “are.”

374. LINKING VERBS The LINKING VERB Test:
Replace the VERB with “is” or “are.”
If the MEANING of the sentence is unchanged,
then the verb is acting like an equal sign– it’s a LINKING VERB.

375. **For Example**
The soup tastes salty.
The chef tastes the soup.

376. **For Example** The soup tastes salty. The chef tastes the soup.
Is “taste” an
ACTION VERB or a LINKING VERB?

377. **For Example** The soup tastes salty. The chef tastes the soup.
LINKING VERB TEST:
Replace the verb with “is.”

378. **For Example** The soup tastes salty. The chef tastes the soup.
LINKING VERB TEST:
If the meaning of the sentence is unchanged,

379. **For Example** The soup tastes salty. The chef tastes the soup.
LINKING VERB TEST:
If the meaning of the sentence is unchanged,
then it’s a LINKING VERB.

380. **For Example**
The soup IS salty.
The chef IS the soup.

381. **For Example** The soup IS salty.—Linking Verb!
The chef IS the soup.—Action
Verb!

382. NOUNS
13) The Prince
feels lonely.

383. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. Who is doing the “feeling”? Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
feels
Who is doing the “feeling”?

384. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. Who is doing the “feeling”? Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels
Who is doing the “feeling”?

385. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. What ELSE is the Prince? Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels
What ELSE is the Prince?

386. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. What ELSE is the Prince?--lonely
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels
What ELSE is the Prince?--lonely

387. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. Is “lonely” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels
Is “lonely” a NOUN or an ADJECTIVE?

388. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. “Lonely” is an ADJECTIVE. Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels

389. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. “Lonely” is an ADJECTIVE.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels
It describes the lonely Prince.

390. NOUNS The Prince feels lonely. “Lonely” is an ADJECTIVE.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels
It describes the lonely Prince.
Poor Prince.

391. NOUNS The Prince = lonely. Subject Linking Verb Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels
lonely

392. NOUNS The Prince = lonely.
You have just been introduced to the PREDICATE ADJECTIVE.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels
lonely

393. NOUNS The Prince = lonely.
You have just been introduced to the PREDICATE ADJECTIVE.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels
lonely
It is an adjective that describes the subject--

394. NOUNS The Prince = lonely.
You have now been introduced to the PREDICATE ADJECTIVE.
Subject
Linking Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Preposi-tion
Object of prep.
The Prince
feels
lonely
It is an adjective that describes the subject—but it’s after the linking verb.

395. LINKING VERBS
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE=

396. LINKING VERBS
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE= the adjective that comes after a linking verb that describes the subject.

397. That’s enough
information to get
you started!

398. The jobs of:
NOUNS
and
VERBS