1. Cells and Organelles
Ms. Levasseur
Biology

2. 5 Characteristics of Living Things
Made of cells
Use Energy
Homeostasis
Grow & Develop
Reproduce

3. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Cell Types highly organized simple structure
nucleus
organelles
DNA - in nucleus
plant and animal cells
simple structure
no nucleus
no distinguishable organelles
DNA - in cytoplasm
bacteria

4. Prokaryotes

5. Prokaryotes Flesh-eating bacteria staphylococcus Anthrax legionella
Lyme disease
staphylococcus
staphylococcus
Soil bacteria
meningitis
cholera
salmonella

6. Animal Cell

7. Plant Cell

8. Eukaryotes neurons Blind spot in eye neurons neurons Colon cancer
Inner ear cells
Repairing nerve cells

9. Embryonic Stem Cell

10. Skin Cancer

11. Cell Organelles
A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function (think mini-organ)
usually separately enclosed within its own membrane
Plant and animal cells contain the same organelles
Exceptions:
Cell wall and chloroplasts – plant only
Lysosomes – animal only

12. Nucleus One or more per cell Spherical shape
Number depends on cell’s function
Spherical shape
Denser than surrounding cytoplasm
Controls eating, movement, and reproduction
Houses the DNA

13. Nucleolus
Dense circular structure within the nucleus
Makes ribosomes

14. Ribosomes
Found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Reads DNA sections that code for specific proteins
Assembles amino acids in order to make the specific protein

15. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Contained in the nucleus and mitochondria
Hereditary material
Passes genes
Made of proteins

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transportation center
Smooth ER
Acts as a storage facility
Rough ER
Embedded with ribosomes
Makes and packages proteins

18. Mitochondria (plural)
Mitochondrion - singular
Power house of the cell
Cells can have one or many mitochondria
Depends on energy needs
Convert food and oxygen into ATP
ATP = energy

20. Chloroplasts Plant cells only Green color Location of photosynthesis
Capture sunlight energy (ATP) and convert it to glucose

21. Cell Wall Plants only Outside cell membrane Made of cellulose
Gives cells rigidity and strength
Allows organism to grow and hold its shape
Protects the cell

22. Cell Membrane Most important organelle of the cell
Controls what goes in and what comes out of the cell
Selectively permeable lipid bilayer
(more about this tomorrow)

23. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material inside the cell
Facilitates movement of materials around the cell
Conducts electricity

24. Cytoskeleton Network of fibers inside the cytoplasm
Provides structure to the cell
The framework
Keeps the organelles in their place

25. Golgi Apparatus Packages and transports proteins
Makes vesicles
Sends vesicles to plasma membrane
Empties contents from the cell
exocytosis

27. Vesicles Transport materials in/out and within the cell Membrane bound
Endocytosis
Material brought into the cell
Exocytosis
Material sent out of the cell

29. Vacuoles Membrane bound sacs Plant cells Animal cells Very large
Provide structural support
Store nutrients/wastes
Animal cells
Much smaller
Temporarily store materials
Transport substances

30. Lysosomes Contain enzymes Break up waste and debris Digest food
Clean up the cell

31. And now, for your viewing pleasure…