1. DIAGNOSIS of mental health disorders
The 4Ds of diagnosis
Deviance
rare within society, different from norms
Dysfunction
significantly interferes with a person’s life
Distress
how much upset does it cause?
Danger
Either to themselves or to other people

2. Issues with the 4 Ds
Subjectivity – who decides what is “deviant” or “dysfunctional”
Reliability – how do you measure “norms” in a standardised way?
Are some mental health issues rare? (Deviance) – e.g. depression
Cultural differences – hallucinations are encouraged in some cultures and seen as deviant in others

3. Exam Focus
This is a # question! Pick out the # that you could use in this question.
Now…what is the knowledge (AO1) that we need in this question?
You would have minutes to write an answer…

4. The mark scheme – swap and mark